From Words to Wheels: Automated Style-Customized Policy Generation for Autonomous Driving
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Imitation-learning end-to-end planners
Abstract (arXiv)
Autonomous driving technology has witnessed rapid advancements, with foundation models improving interactivity and user experiences. However, current autonomous vehicles (AVs) face significant limitations in delivering command-based driving styles. Most existing methods either rely on predefined driving styles that require expert input or use data-driven techniques like Inverse Reinforcement Learning to extract styles from driving data. These approaches, though effective in some cases, face challenges: difficulty obtaining specific driving data for style matching (e.g., in Robotaxis), inability to align driving style metrics with user preferences, and limitations to pre-existing styles, restricting customization and generalization to new commands. This paper introduces Words2Wheels, a framework that automatically generates customized driving policies based on natural language user commands. Words2Wheels employs a Style-Customized Reward Function to generate a Style-Customized Driving Policy without relying on prior driving data. By leveraging large language models and a Driving Style Database, the framework efficiently retrieves, adapts, and generalizes driving styles. A Statistical Evaluation module ensures alignment with user preferences. Experimental results demonstrate that Words2Wheels outperforms existing methods in accuracy, generalization, and adaptability, offering a novel solution for customized AV driving behavior. Code and demo available at https://yokhon.github.io/Words2Wheels/.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation-learning end-to-end planners, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 29 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2024.
Builds on
29 of 58 references.
References · 29
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17 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
5 papers.
- 2025Generative AI for Autonomous Driving: Frontiers and Opportunitiescited by 7
- 2026Drive My Way: Preference Alignment of Vision-Language-Action Model for Personalized Drivingcited by 4
- 2025Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning for Adaptable Personalized Autonomous Drivingcited by 3
- 2026Can Users Specify Driving Speed? Bench2Drive-Speed: Benchmark and Baselines for Desired-Speed Conditioned Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2026Language-Driven Cost Optimization for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Language-Driven Cost Optimization for Autonomous Driving9 Jun 2026
- 2026Drive My Way: Preference Alignment of Vision-Language-Action Model for Personalized Driving26 Mar 2026
- 2026Can Users Specify Driving Speed? Bench2Drive-Speed: Benchmark and Baselines for Desired-Speed Conditioned Autonomous Driving26 Mar 2026
- 2025Generative AI for Autonomous Driving: Frontiers and Opportunities13 May 2025
- 2025Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning for Adaptable Personalized Autonomous Driving8 May 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026STAGE: STyle-controllable Action GEneration for personalized autonomous driving
- 2026Driving Like Yourself: A Benchmark for Closed-Loop Personalized End-to-End Autonomous Driving
- 2025StyleDrive: Towards Driving-Style Aware Benchmarking of End-To-End Autonomous Driving
- 2023Identifying Reaction-Aware Driving Styles of Stochastic Model Predictive Controlled Vehicles by Inverse Reinforcement Learning
- 2025DriveCritic: Towards Context-Aware, Human-Aligned Evaluation for Autonomous Driving with Vision-Language Models
- 2024LORD: Large Models based Opposite Reward Design for Autonomous Driving
- 2026StyleVLA: Driving Style-Aware Vision Language Action Model for Autonomous Driving
- 2026PersonaDrive: Human-Style Retrieval-Augmented VLA Agents for Closed-Loop Driving Simulation