mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

AI Suggestions Homogenize Writing Toward Western Styles and Diminish Cultural Nuances

arXiv 2409.11360 ↗First posted 17 Sep 2024cs.HC cs.AIcited by 60

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into everyday products and services, such as coding tools and writing assistants. As these embedded AI applications are deployed globally, there is a growing concern that the AI models underlying these applications prioritize Western values. This paper investigates what happens when a Western-centric AI model provides writing suggestions to users from a different cultural background. We conducted a cross-cultural controlled experiment with 118 participants from India and the United States who completed culturally grounded writing tasks with and without AI suggestions. Our analysis reveals that AI provided greater efficiency gains for Americans compared to Indians. Moreover, AI suggestions led Indian participants to adopt Western writing styles, altering not just what is written but also how it is written. These findings show that Western-centric AI models homogenize writing toward Western norms, diminishing nuances that differentiate cultural expression.

Key facts. Cited by 60 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 99 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2024.

Builds on

38 of 99 references.

References · 38

  1. 2024Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Sizecited by 1,998
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  3. 2020CrowS-Pairs: A Challenge Dataset for Measuring Social Biases in Masked Language Modelscited by 710
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  12. 2024Towards Measuring and Modeling "Culture" in LLMs: A Surveycited by 167
26 more
  1. 2021Understanding the Capabilities, Limitations, and Societal Impact of Large Language Modelscited by 160
  2. 2022Probing Pre-Trained Language Models for Cross-Cultural Differences in Valuescited by 149
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  4. 2023Co-Writing with Opinionated Language Models Affects Users' Viewscited by 148
  5. 2021Bias Out-of-the-Box: An Empirical Analysis of Intersectional Occupational Biases in Popular Generative Language Modelscited by 141
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 21; 2026: 37.

60 papers.

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  1. 2025NoveltyBench: Evaluating Language Models for Humanlike Diversitycited by 66
  2. 2026Lost in Simulation: LLM-Simulated Users are Unreliable Proxies for Human Users in Agentic Evaluationscited by 40
  3. 2025The Homogenizing Effect of Large Language Models on Human Expression and Thoughtcited by 35
  4. 2025The Shrinking Landscape of Linguistic Diversity in the Age of Large Language Modelscited by 29
  5. 2025Prototypical Human-AI Collaboration Behaviors from LLM-Assisted Writing in the Wildcited by 25
  6. 2025Taxonomy of User Needs and Actionscited by 15
  7. 2025Fluent but Foreign: Even Regional LLMs Lack Cultural Alignmentcited by 10
  8. 2025TALES: A Taxonomy and Analysis of Cultural Representations in LLM-generated Storiescited by 10
  9. 2025Meta-Cultural Competence: Climbing the Right Hill of Cultural Awarenesscited by 8
  10. 2025AI-generated stories favour stability over change: homogeneity and cultural stereotyping in narratives generated by gpt-4o-minicited by 7
  11. 2025Poor Alignment and Steerability of Large Language Models: Evidence from College Admission Essayscited by 6
  12. 2026The Impact of AI-Generated Text on the Internetcited by 6
38 more
  1. 2024KAHANI: Culturally-Nuanced Visual Storytelling Tool for Non-Western Culturescited by 4
  2. 2025Phraselette: A Poet's Procedural Palettecited by 4
  3. 2025Constella: Supporting Storywriters' Interconnected Character Creation through LLM-based Multi-Agentscited by 4
  4. 2025Machines in the Crowd? Measuring the Footprint of Machine-Generated Text on Redditcited by 4
  5. 2026Reactive Writers: How Co-Writing with AI Changes How We Engage with Ideascited by 4
  6. 2025Exploring Language Patterns of Prompts in Text-to-Image Generation and Their Impact on Visual Diversitycited by 3
  7. 2026AI-exhibited Personality Traits Can Shape Human Self-concept through Conversationscited by 3
  8. 2024When Stereotypes GTG: The Impact of Predictive Text Suggestions on Gender Bias in Human-AI Co-Writingcited by 2
  9. 2025Do Chinese models speak Chinese languages?cited by 2
  10. 2026Representational Harms in LLM-Generated Narratives Against Global Majority Nationalitiescited by 2
  11. 2026Reflections and New Directions for Human-Centered Large Language Modelscited by 2
  12. 2026AI-Associated Lexical Shifts Across 34 Languages: Cross-Lingual Convergence and Diachronic Uptake in News Writingcited by 2
  13. 2026The Culture Funnel: You Can't Align What isn't in the Datacited by 2
  14. 2025Imagining Design Workflows in Agentic AI Futurescited by 1
  15. 2025BengaliMoralBench: A Benchmark for Auditing Moral Reasoning in Large Language Models within Bengali Language and Culturecited by 1
  16. 2025Does Scientific Writing Converge to U.S. English? Evidence from Generative AI-Assisted Publicationscited by 1
  17. 2026Interrogating Design Homogenization in Web Vibe Codingcited by 1
  18. 2026Incentives shape how humans co-create with generative AIcited by 1
  19. 2026From Use to Oversight: How Mental Models Influence User Behavior and Output in AI Writing Assistantscited by 1
  20. 2026How AI Writing Assistance Distorts Perceptions of AI Users and Their Opinionscited by 1
  21. 2026PLURAL: A Global Dataset for Value Alignmentcited by 1
  22. 2026Novels generated by language models show compressed formal variationcited by 1
  23. 2025Against 'softmaxing' culturecited by 0
  24. 2025Bridging Cultural Distance Between Models Default and Local Classroom Demands: How Global Teachers Adopt GenAI to Support Everyday Teaching Practicescited by 0
  25. 2025AI-generated podcasts: Synthetic Intimacy and Cultural Mistranslation in NotebookLM's Audio Overviewscited by 0
  26. 2026To Generate or Discriminate? Methodological Considerations for Measuring Cultural Alignment in LLMscited by 0
  27. 2026Compounding Disadvantage: Auditing Intersectional Bias in LLM-Generated Explanations Across Indian and American STEM Educationcited by 0
  28. 2026When AI Writes, Whose Voice Remains? Quantifying Cultural Marker Erasure Across World English Varieties in Large Language Modelscited by 0
  29. 2026Beyond One Output: Visualizing and Comparing Distributions of Language Model Generationscited by 0
  30. 2026Ceci n'est pas une explication: Evaluating Explanation Failures as Explainability Pitfalls in Language Learning Systemscited by 0
  31. 2026How Do Novice Describers Edit AI Drafts? The Role of Draft Quality in Audio Description Authoringcited by 0
  32. 2026Understanding How International Students in the U.S. Are Using Conversational AI to Support Cross-Cultural Adaptationcited by 0
  33. 2026Double-Edged Sword or Sharp Tool? Designing and Evaluating Triadic LLM-Teacher Collaboration for K-12 Writing at Scalecited by 0
  34. 2026Who Brought Easter Eggs to Eid? Auditing LLM-Generated Cultural Translation of Math Word Problems Across Languages and Regionscited by 0
  35. 2026Constrained Semantic Decompression in LLMs through Persian Proverb-Conditioned Story Generationcited by 0
  36. 2026Characterizing Cultural Localization in AI-Generated Storiescited by 0
  37. 2026Rethinking Indic AI from a Lens of Cultural Heritage Preservationcited by 0
  38. 2026Linguistic Monoculture in LLM-Assisted Language Usecited by 0

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