mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

AI-exhibited Personality Traits Can Shape Human Self-concept through Conversations

arXiv 2601.12727 ↗First posted 19 Jan 2026cs.HC cs.AIcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent Large Language Model (LLM) based AI can exhibit recognizable and measurable personality traits during conversations to improve user experience. However, as human understandings of their personality traits can be affected by their interaction partners' traits, a potential risk is that AI traits may shape and bias users' self-concept of their own traits. To explore the possibility, we conducted a randomized behavioral experiment. Our results indicate that after conversations about personal topics with an LLM-based AI chatbot using GPT-4o default personality traits, users' self-concepts aligned with the AI's measured personality traits. The longer the conversation, the greater the alignment. This alignment led to increased homogeneity in self-concepts among users. We also observed that the degree of self-concept alignment was positively associated with users' conversation enjoyment. Our findings uncover how AI personality traits can shape users' self-concepts through human-AI conversation, highlighting both risks and opportunities. We provide important design implications for developing more responsible and ethical AI systems.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 130 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jan 2026.

Builds on

32 of 130 references.

References · 32

  1. 2025Persona Vectors: Monitoring and Controlling Character Traits in Language Modelscited by 345
  2. 2023Character-LLM: A Trainable Agent for Role-Playingcited by 339
  3. 2023PersonaLLM: Investigating the Ability of Large Language Models to Express Personality Traitscited by 234
  4. 2024Homogenization Effects of Large Language Models on Human Creative Ideationcited by 127
  5. 2021Human-Centered Explainable AI (XAI): From Algorithms to User Experiencescited by 123
  6. 2022Evaluating and Inducing Personality in Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 123
  7. 2021To Trust or to Think: Cognitive Forcing Functions Can Reduce Overreliance on AI in AI-assisted Decision-makingcited by 118
  8. 2022Who is GPT-3? An Exploration of Personality, Values and Demographicscited by 112
  9. 2025Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Taskcited by 106
  10. 2024The Dark Side of AI Companionship: A Taxonomy of Harmful Algorithmic Behaviors in Human-AI Relationshipscited by 62
  11. 2024AI Suggestions Homogenize Writing Toward Western Styles and Diminish Cultural Nuancescited by 60
  12. 2024Do LLMs Have Distinct and Consistent Personality? TRAIT: Personality Testset designed for LLMs with Psychometricscited by 59
20 more
  1. 2023Do LLMs Possess a Personality? Making the MBTI Test an Amazing Evaluation for Large Language Modelscited by 56
  2. 2024Beyond prompt brittleness: Evaluating the reliability and consistency of political worldviews in LLMscited by 55
  3. 2022Estimating the Personality of White-Box Language Modelscited by 48
  4. 2025Large Language Model Psychometrics: A Systematic Review of Evaluation, Validation, and Enhancementcited by 45
  5. 2024The Effects of Generative AI on Design Fixation and Divergent Thinkingcited by 37
  6. 2024LLM Agents in Interaction: Measuring Personality Consistency and Linguistic Alignment in Interacting Populations of Large Language Modelscited by 33
  7. 2023Large Language Models Can Infer Psychological Dispositions of Social Media Userscited by 29
  8. 2024Open Models, Closed Minds? On Agents Capabilities in Mimicking Human Personalities through Open Large Language Modelscited by 20
  9. 2025As Confidence Aligns: Exploring the Effect of AI Confidence on Human Self-confidence in Human-AI Decision Makingcited by 19
  10. 2024Multi-Agents are Social Groups: Investigating Social Influence of Multiple Agents in Human-Agent Interactionscited by 16
  11. 2024LMLPA: Language Model Linguistic Personality Assessmentcited by 15
  12. 2024Self-assessment, Exhibition, and Recognition: a Review of Personality in Large Language Modelscited by 11
  13. 2025Humanizing LLMs: A Survey of Psychological Measurements with Tools, Datasets, and Human-Agent Applicationscited by 10
  14. 2024How Does Conversation Length Impact User's Satisfaction? A Case Study of Length-Controlled Conversations with LLM-Powered Chatbotscited by 8
  15. 2025Timing Matters: How Using LLMs at Different Timings Influences Writers' Perceptions and Ideation Outcomes in AI-Assisted Ideationcited by 8
  16. 2025Letters from Future Self: Augmenting the Letter-Exchange Exercise with LLM-based Agents to Enhance Young Adults' Career Explorationcited by 8
  17. 2024Synthetic Human Memories: AI-Edited Images and Videos Can Implant False Memories and Distort Recollectioncited by 7
  18. 2023Learning Through AI-Clones: Enhancing Self-Perception and Presentation Performancecited by 4
  19. 2025Can LLMs Infer Personality from Real World Conversations?cited by 4
  20. 2025Psychological Effect of AI driven marketing tools for beauty/facial feature enhancementcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

  1. 2026Personalities at Play: Probing Alignment in AI Teammatescited by 1
  2. 2026Assessing mentalization in humans and large language modelscited by 1
  3. 2026InnerPond: Fostering Inter-Self Dialogue with a Multi-Agent Approach for Introspectioncited by 0