AnyBipe: An End-to-End Framework for Training and Deploying Bipedal Robots Guided by Large Language Models
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Training and deploying reinforcement learning (RL) policies for robots, especially in accomplishing specific tasks, presents substantial challenges. Recent advancements have explored diverse reward function designs, training techniques, simulation-to-reality (sim-to-real) transfers, and performance analysis methodologies, yet these still require significant human intervention. This paper introduces an end-to-end framework for training and deploying RL policies, guided by Large Language Models (LLMs), and evaluates its effectiveness on bipedal robots. The framework consists of three interconnected modules: an LLM-guided reward function design module, an RL training module leveraging prior work, and a sim-to-real homomorphic evaluation module. This design significantly reduces the need for human input by utilizing only essential simulation and deployment platforms, with the option to incorporate human-engineered strategies and historical data. We detail the construction of these modules, their advantages over traditional approaches, and demonstrate the framework's capability to autonomously develop and refine controlling strategies for bipedal robot locomotion, showcasing its potential to operate independently of human intervention.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 53 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Sep 2024.
Builds on
53 of 75 references.
References · 53
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,374
- 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,348
- 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,071
- 2022Code as Policies: Language Model Programs for Embodied Controlcited by 1,210
- 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Modelscited by 1,081
38 more
- 2021Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learningcited by 998
- 2017Sim-to-Real Transfer of Robotic Control with Dynamics Randomizationcited by 672
- 2020Learning Quadrupedal Locomotion over Challenging Terraincited by 604
- 2023Eureka: Human-Level Reward Design via Coding Large Language Modelscited by 571
- 2021Learning to Walk in Minutes Using Massively Parallel Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 512
- 2019Learning agile and dynamic motor skills for legged robotscited by 504
- 2023Larger language models do in-context learning differentlycited by 394
- 2021Safe Learning in Robotics: From Learning-Based Control to Safe Reinforcement Learningcited by 371
- 2018Sim-to-Real: Learning Agile Locomotion For Quadruped Robotscited by 319
- 2023Language to Rewards for Robotic Skill Synthesiscited by 312
- 2023ChatGPT for Robotics: Design Principles and Model Abilitiescited by 299
- 2023Reward Design with Language Modelscited by 261
- 2023RoboGen: Towards Unleashing Infinite Data for Automated Robot Learning via Generative Simulationcited by 218
- 2021Generated Knowledge Prompting for Commonsense Reasoningcited by 214
- 2020Reward Machines: Exploiting Reward Function Structure in Reinforcement Learningcited by 191
- 2023Learning Agile Soccer Skills for a Bipedal Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 133
- 2023Large Language Models for Robotics: A Surveycited by 133
- 2023GenSim: Generating Robotic Simulation Tasks via Large Language Modelscited by 125
- 2024Reinforcement Learning for Versatile, Dynamic, and Robust Bipedal Locomotion Controlcited by 99
- 2020Sim-to-Real Learning of All Common Bipedal Gaits via Periodic Reward Compositioncited by 96
- 2021Blind Bipedal Stair Traversal via Sim-to-Real Reinforcement Learningcited by 92
- 2021CURE: Code-Aware Neural Machine Translation for Automatic Program Repaircited by 86
- 2023Bootstrap Your Own Skills: Learning to Solve New Tasks with Large Language Model Guidancecited by 86
- 2024DrEureka: Language Model Guided Sim-To-Real Transfercited by 83
- 2022On Reinforcement Learning and Distribution Matching for Fine-Tuning Language Models with no Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 82
- 2023Gen2Sim: Scaling up Robot Learning in Simulation with Generative Modelscited by 64
- 2019Data Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Legged Robotscited by 63
- 2021Robot Learning from Randomized Simulations: A Reviewcited by 63
- 2024Humanoid-Gym: Reinforcement Learning for Humanoid Robot with Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfercited by 53
- 2023Not Only Rewards But Also Constraints: Applications on Legged Robot Locomotioncited by 47
- 2021Code Completion by Modeling Flattened Abstract Syntax Trees as Graphscited by 30
- 2022Sim-to-Lab-to-Real: Safe Reinforcement Learning with Shielding and Generalization Guaranteescited by 27
- 2020Learning Task Space Actions for Bipedal Locomotioncited by 21
- 2023Domain Randomization via Entropy Maximizationcited by 19
- 2023Kinematic-aware Prompting for Generalizable Articulated Object Manipulation with LLMscited by 19
- 2022Sim-to-Real Learning of Footstep-Constrained Bipedal Dynamic Walkingcited by 13
- 2021A review of mobile robot motion planning methods: from classical motion planning workflows to reinforcement learning-based architecturescited by 12
- 2021Validating Robotics Simulators on Real-World Impactscited by 11
50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3.
3 papers.
- 2025Towards Autonomous Reinforcement Learning for Real-World Robotic Manipulation with Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025Prompted Policy Search: Reinforcement Learning through Linguistic and Numerical Reasoning in LLMscited by 2
- 2025GBC: Generalized Behavior-Cloning Framework for Whole-Body Humanoid Imitationcited by 1
- 2025Prompted Policy Search: Reinforcement Learning through Linguistic and Numerical Reasoning in LLMs26 Nov 2025
- 2025GBC: Generalized Behavior-Cloning Framework for Whole-Body Humanoid Imitation13 Aug 2025
- 2025Towards Autonomous Reinforcement Learning for Real-World Robotic Manipulation with Large Language Models6 Mar 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Deep Reinforcement Learning for Bipedal Locomotion: A Brief Survey
- 2025Booster Gym: An End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Framework for Humanoid Robot Locomotion
- 2025CLF-RL: Control Lyapunov Function Guided Reinforcement Learning
- 2025Sim-to-Real Transfer in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Bipedal Locomotion
- 2025STRIDE: Automating Reward Design, Deep Reinforcement Learning Training and Feedback Optimization in Humanoid Robotics Locomotion
- 2026Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Collision-Free Locomotion of an Underactuated Biped
- 2026Learning Holistic Whole-Body Loco-Manipulation with a Bipedal Mobile Manipulator ↗
- 2025Robot Trains Robot: Automatic Real-World Policy Adaptation and Learning for Humanoids