SceneGPT: A Language Model for 3D Scene Understanding
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Abstract (arXiv)
Building models that can understand and reason about 3D scenes is difficult owing to the lack of data sources for 3D supervised training and large-scale training regimes. In this work we ask - How can the knowledge in a pre-trained language model be leveraged for 3D scene understanding without any 3D pre-training. The aim of this work is to establish whether pre-trained LLMs possess priors/knowledge required for reasoning in 3D space and how can we prompt them such that they can be used for general purpose spatial reasoning and object understanding in 3D. To this end, we present SceneGPT, an LLM based scene understanding system which can perform 3D spatial reasoning without training or explicit 3D supervision. The key components of our framework are - 1) a 3D scene graph, that serves as scene representation, encoding the objects in the scene and their spatial relationships 2) a pre-trained LLM that can be adapted with in context learning for 3D spatial reasoning. We evaluate our framework qualitatively on object and scene understanding tasks including object semantics, physical properties and affordances (object-level) and spatial understanding (scene-level).
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Aug 2024.
Builds on
10 of 18 references.
References · 10
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,332
- 2022OpenScene: 3D Scene Understanding with Open Vocabulariescited by 559
- 2023Recognize Anything: A Strong Image Tagging Modelcited by 309
- 2023ConceptFusion: Open-set Multimodal 3D Mappingcited by 304
- 2023Summary of ChatGPT-Related Research and Perspective Towards the Future of Large Language Modelscited by 154
- 2016SemanticFusion: Dense 3D Semantic Mapping with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 135
- 2023LLM-grounded Video Diffusion Modelscited by 83
- 2022POCD: Probabilistic Object-Level Change Detection and Volumetric Mapping in Semi-Static Scenescited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 9; 2026: 3.
12 papers.
- 2025FirePlace: Geometric Refinements of LLM Common Sense Reasoning for 3D Object Placementcited by 25
- 2025Universal Scene Graph Generationcited by 11
- 2025SpatialLLM: From Multi-modality Data to Urban Spatial Intelligencecited by 8
- 2025S2-MLLM: Boosting Spatial Reasoning Capability of MLLMs for 3D Visual Grounding with Structural Guidancecited by 5
- 2025CuriousBot: Interactive Mobile Exploration via Actionable 3D Relational Object Graphcited by 4
- 2025Situat3DChange: Situated 3D Change Understanding Dataset for Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 2
- 2026SSR: Pushing the Limit of Spatial Intelligence with Structured Scene Reasoningcited by 2
- 2025Argus: Leveraging Multiview Images for Improved 3-D Scene Understanding With Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025VoxRep: Enhancing 3D Spatial Understanding in 2D Vision-Language Models via Voxel Representationcited by 0
- 2025Sparse3DPR: Training-Free 3D Hierarchical Scene Parsing and Task-Adaptive Subgraph Reasoning from Sparse RGB Viewscited by 0
- 2026Hazard or Anomaly? Evaluating VLMs for Understanding Dangers and Discrepanciescited by 0
- 2026Memory Tree Guided Key Frame Querying for Efficient 3D Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Memory Tree Guided Key Frame Querying for Efficient 3D Question Answering18 Aug 2026
- 2026Hazard or Anomaly? Evaluating VLMs for Understanding Dangers and Discrepancies18 Jul 2026
- 2026SSR: Pushing the Limit of Spatial Intelligence with Structured Scene Reasoning28 Feb 2026
- 2025S2-MLLM: Boosting Spatial Reasoning Capability of MLLMs for 3D Visual Grounding with Structural Guidance1 Dec 2025
- 2025Sparse3DPR: Training-Free 3D Hierarchical Scene Parsing and Task-Adaptive Subgraph Reasoning from Sparse RGB Views11 Nov 2025
- 2025Situat3DChange: Situated 3D Change Understanding Dataset for Multimodal Large Language Model13 Oct 2025
- 2025Argus: Leveraging Multiview Images for Improved 3-D Scene Understanding With Large Language Models17 Jul 2025
- 2025SpatialLLM: From Multi-modality Data to Urban Spatial Intelligence19 May 2025
- 2025VoxRep: Enhancing 3D Spatial Understanding in 2D Vision-Language Models via Voxel Representation27 Mar 2025
- 2025Universal Scene Graph Generation19 Mar 2025
- 2025FirePlace: Geometric Refinements of LLM Common Sense Reasoning for 3D Object Placement6 Mar 2025
- 2025CuriousBot: Interactive Mobile Exploration via Actionable 3D Relational Object Graph23 Jan 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Video-3D LLM: Learning Position-Aware Video Representation for 3D Scene Understanding
- 2025How to Enable LLM with 3D Capacity? A Survey of Spatial Reasoning in LLM
- 2025SceneCOT: Eliciting Grounded Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in 3D Scenes
- 2024SPARTUN3D: Situated Spatial Understanding of 3D World in Large Language Models
- 2026Chat-Scene++: Exploiting Context-Rich Object Identification for 3D LLM
- 20243DGraphLLM: Combining Semantic Graphs and Large Language Models for 3D Scene Understanding
- 2026Flame3D: Zero-shot Compositional Reasoning of 3D Scenes with Agentic Language Models
- 2025A Neural Representation Framework with LLM-Driven Spatial Reasoning for Open-Vocabulary 3D Visual Grounding