mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

BM25S: Orders of magnitude faster lexical search via eager sparse scoring

arXiv 2407.03618 ↗First posted 4 Jul 2024cs.IR cs.CLcited by 87

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 29 in Retrieval-augmented generation, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce BM25S, an efficient Python-based implementation of BM25 that only depends on Numpy and Scipy. BM25S achieves up to a 500x speedup compared to the most popular Python-based framework by eagerly computing BM25 scores during indexing and storing them into sparse matrices. It also achieves considerable speedups compared to highly optimized Java-based implementations, which are used by popular commercial products. Finally, BM25S reproduces the exact implementation of five BM25 variants based on Kamphuis et al. (2020) by extending eager scoring to non-sparse variants using a novel score shifting method. The code can be found at https://github.com/xhluca/bm25s

Key facts. Cited by 87 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jul 2024.

Builds on

8 of 27 references.

References · 8

  1. 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,716
  2. 2018SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text Processingcited by 1,979
  3. 2016MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Datasetcited by 1,600
  4. 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,368
  5. 2021BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Modelscited by 1,237
  6. 2020Fact or Fiction: Verifying Scientific Claimscited by 552
  7. 2020SPECTER: Document-level Representation Learning using Citation-informed Transformerscited by 429
  8. 2020CLIMATE-FEVER: A Dataset for Verification of Real-World Climate Claimscited by 195

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Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 10; 2025: 45; 2026: 32.

87 papers.

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  1. 2025From RAG to Memory: Non-Parametric Continual Learning for Large Language Modelscited by 226
  2. 2025On the Theoretical Limitations of Embedding-Based Retrievalcited by 100
  3. 2025Rank1: Test-Time Compute for Reranking in Information Retrievalcited by 69
  4. 2025Retrieval Models Aren't Tool-Savvy: Benchmarking Tool Retrieval for Large Language Modelscited by 46
  5. 2024Promptriever: Instruction-Trained Retrievers Can Be Prompted Like Language Modelscited by 39
  6. 2024Does Representation Matter? Exploring Intermediate Layers in Large Language Modelscited by 33
  7. 2024Jina-ColBERT-v2: A General-Purpose Multilingual Late Interaction Retrievercited by 25
  8. 2026ViDoRe V3: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation in Complex Real-World Scenarioscited by 23
  9. 2025R3-RAG: Learning Step-by-Step Reasoning and Retrieval for LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 20
  10. 2024FunnelRAG: A Coarse-to-Fine Progressive Retrieval Paradigm for RAGcited by 18
  11. 2025Explicit v.s. Implicit Memory: Exploring Multi-hop Complex Reasoning Over Personalized Informationcited by 17
  12. 2025FocusAgent: Simple Yet Effective Ways of Trimming the Large Context of Web Agentscited by 16
38 more
  1. 2025The RAG Paradox: A Black-Box Attack Exploiting Unintentional Vulnerabilities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systemscited by 14
  2. 2025Compositional Translation: A Novel LLM-based Approach for Low-resource Machine Translationcited by 13
  3. 2024A General Framework for Producing Interpretable Semantic Text Embeddingscited by 10
  4. 2025GRADA: Graph-based Reranking against Adversarial Documents Attackcited by 10
  5. 2025STRUCTSENSE: A Task-Agnostic Agentic Framework for Structured Information Extraction with Human-In-The-Loop Evaluation and Benchmarkingcited by 8
  6. 2025MEMERAG: A Multilingual End-to-End Meta-Evaluation Benchmark for Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 7
  7. 2025KoBLEX: Open Legal Question Answering with Multi-hop Reasoningcited by 7
  8. 2025InfoAgent: Advancing Autonomous Information-Seeking Agentscited by 7
  9. 2025LAD-RAG: Layout-aware Dynamic RAG for Visually-Rich Document Understandingcited by 7
  10. 2025GuRE:Generative Query REwriter for Legal Passage Retrievalcited by 6
  11. 2025ToolDreamer: Instilling LLM Reasoning Into Tool Retrieverscited by 6
  12. 2026Towards Retrieving Interaction Spaces for Agentic Searchcited by 6
  13. 2025A Deep Dive into Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Code Completion: Experience on WeChatcited by 5
  14. 2025FinGEAR: Financial Mapping-Guided Enhanced Answer Retrievalcited by 5
  15. 2025JEF-Hinter: Leveraging Offline Knowledge for Improving Web Agents Adaptationcited by 5
  16. 2025Task-Specific Data Selection for Instruction Tuning via Monosemantic Neuronal Activationscited by 4
  17. 2025IterKey: Iterative Keyword Generation with LLMs for Enhanced Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 4
  18. 2025RAG or Fine-tuning? A Comparative Study on LCMs-based Code Completion in Industrycited by 4
  19. 2025LLM Reasoning for Machine Translation: Synthetic Data Generation over Thinking Tokenscited by 4
  20. 2024MedMobile: A mobile-sized language model with clinical capabilitiescited by 3
  21. 2024Multi-Field Adaptive Retrievalcited by 3
  22. 2025RAG Makes Guardrails Unsafe? Investigating Robustness of Guardrails under RAG-style Contextscited by 3
  23. 2025A New Query Expansion Approach via Agent-Mediated Dialogic Inquirycited by 2
  24. 2025Language Model Re-rankers are Fooled by Lexical Similaritiescited by 2
  25. 2025A Large-Scale Vision-Language Dataset Derived from Open Scientific Literature to Advance Biomedical Generalist AIcited by 2
  26. 2025Taming System Complexity: Demystifying Software Engineering Agents in Diagnosing Linux Kernel Faultscited by 2
  27. 2025FlexRAG: A Flexible and Comprehensive Framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 2
  28. 2025Question-Adaptive Graph Learning for Multi-hop Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 2
  29. 2026On the Effectiveness of Proposed Techniques to Reduce Energy Consumption in RAG Systems: A Controlled Experimentcited by 2
  30. 2026Efficient Temporal-aware Matryoshka Adaptation for Temporal Information Retrievalcited by 2
  31. 2026MEME: Multi-entity & Evolving Memory Evaluationcited by 2
  32. 2025PathGPT: Reframing Path Recommendation as a Natural Language Generation Task with Retrieval-Augmented Language Modelscited by 1
  33. 2025TextTIGER: Text-based Intelligent Generation with Entity Prompt Refinement for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1
  34. 2025Is Active Persona Inference Necessary for Aligning Small Models to Personal Preferences?cited by 1
  35. 2025ImpliRet: Benchmarking the Implicit Fact Retrieval Challengecited by 1
  36. 2025TopXGen: Topic-Diverse Parallel Data Generation for Low-Resource Machine Translationcited by 1
  37. 2025Case-Based Decision-Theoretic Decoding with Quality Memoriescited by 1
  38. 2025Zoom In Disparities in Healthcare LLM Q&Acited by 1

50 most cited of 87 All 87 (JSON)