mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

FaceScore: Benchmarking and Enhancing Face Quality in Human Generation

arXiv 2406.17100 ↗First posted 24 Jun 2024cs.CVcited by 8

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion models (DMs) have achieved significant success in generating imaginative images given textual descriptions. However, they are likely to fall short when it comes to real-life scenarios with intricate details. The low-quality, unrealistic human faces in text-to-image generation are one of the most prominent issues, hindering the wide application of DMs in practice. Targeting addressing such an issue, we first assess the face quality of generations from popular pre-trained DMs with the aid of human annotators and then evaluate the alignment between existing metrics with human judgments. Observing that existing metrics can be unsatisfactory for quantifying face quality, we develop a novel metric named FaceScore (FS) by fine-tuning the widely used ImageReward on a dataset of (win, loss) face pairs cheaply crafted by an inpainting pipeline of DMs. Extensive studies reveal FS enjoys a superior alignment with humans. On the other hand, FS opens up the door for enhancing DMs for better face generation. With FS offering image ratings, we can easily perform preference learning algorithms to refine DMs like SDXL. Comprehensive experiments verify the efficacy of our approach for improving face quality. The code is released at https://github.com/OPPO-Mente-Lab/FaceScore.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 31 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jun 2024.

Builds on

31 of 39 references.

Closest ancestors · 7

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Hunyuan-DiT: A Powerful Multi-Resolution Diffusion Transformer with Fine-Grained Chinese Understanding14 May
  2. 2023Finetuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Fairness11 Nov
  3. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation25 Aug
  4. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  5. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
  6. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec
  7. 2021Blended Diffusion for Text-driven Editing of Natural Images29 Nov

Other references · 24

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  4. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  5. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  6. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  7. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  8. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  9. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
  10. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,322
  11. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  12. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,152
12 more
  1. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,101
  2. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,761
  3. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,253
  4. 2023Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasetscited by 2,581
  5. 2022Imagen Video: High Definition Video Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 1,778
  6. 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesiscited by 1,354
  7. 2023Training Diffusion Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 982
  8. 2020WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generationcited by 622
  9. 2023Photorealistic Video Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 306
  10. 2020SER-FIQ: Unsupervised Estimation of Face Image Quality Based on Stochastic Embedding Robustnesscited by 112
  11. 2023Human-Art: A Versatile Human-Centric Dataset Bridging Natural and Artificial Scenescited by 68
  12. 2023HandRefiner: Refining Malformed Hands in Generated Images by Diffusion-based Conditional Inpaintingcited by 42

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 6.

8 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Limitations of Face Image Generation
  2. 2024Improving face generation quality and prompt following with synthetic captions
  3. 2025Face-MakeUp: Multimodal Facial Prompts for Text-to-Image Generation
  4. 2024MoLE: Enhancing Human-centric Text-to-image Diffusion via Mixture of Low-rank Experts
  5. 2025LMME3DHF: Benchmarking and Evaluating Multimodal 3D Human Face Generation with LMMs
  6. 2026AlignFace: Human-Aligned Face Similarity Metric with Interpretable Concept Relations
  7. 2025CHATS: Combining Human-Aligned Optimization and Test-Time Sampling for Text-to-Image Generation
  8. 2025ImageReFL: Balancing Quality and Diversity in Human-Aligned Diffusion Models