mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

WundtGPT: Shaping Large Language Models To Be An Empathetic, Proactive Psychologist

arXiv 2406.15474 ↗First posted 16 Jun 2024cs.AI cs.CL cs.HCcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) are raging over the medical domain, and their momentum has carried over into the mental health domain, leading to the emergence of few mental health LLMs. Although such mental health LLMs could provide reasonable suggestions for psychological counseling, how to develop an authentic and effective doctor-patient relationship (DPR) through LLMs is still an important problem. To fill this gap, we dissect DPR into two key attributes, i.e., the psychologist's empathy and proactive guidance. We thus present WundtGPT, an empathetic and proactive mental health large language model that is acquired by fine-tuning it with instruction and real conversation between psychologists and patients. It is designed to assist psychologists in diagnosis and help patients who are reluctant to communicate face-to-face understand their psychological conditions. Its uniqueness lies in that it could not only pose purposeful questions to guide patients in detailing their symptoms but also offer warm emotional reassurance. In particular, WundtGPT incorporates Collection of Questions, Chain of Psychodiagnosis, and Empathy Constraints into a comprehensive prompt for eliciting LLMs' questions and diagnoses. Additionally, WundtGPT proposes a reward model to promote alignment with empathetic mental health professionals, which encompasses two key factors: cognitive empathy and emotional empathy. We offer a comprehensive evaluation of our proposed model. Based on these outcomes, we further conduct the manual evaluation based on proactivity, effectiveness, professionalism and coherence. We notice that WundtGPT can offer professional and effective consultation. The model is available at huggingface.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2024.

Builds on

14 of 31 references.

References · 14

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
  3. 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,807
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  6. 2023MedAlpaca -- An Open-Source Collection of Medical Conversational AI Models and Training Datacited by 282
  7. 2023HuatuoGPT, towards Taming Language Model to Be a Doctorcited by 211
  8. 2021MentalBERT: Publicly Available Pretrained Language Models for Mental Healthcarecited by 159
  9. 2023DoctorGLM: Fine-tuning your Chinese Doctor is not a Herculean Taskcited by 130
  10. 2023SoulChat: Improving LLMs' Empathy, Listening, and Comfort Abilities through Fine-tuning with Multi-turn Empathy Conversationscited by 109
  11. 2021PsyQA: A Chinese Dataset for Generating Long Counseling Text for Mental Health Supportcited by 92
  12. 2023BianQue: Balancing the Questioning and Suggestion Ability of Health LLMs with Multi-turn Health Conversations Polished by ChatGPTcited by 64
2 more
  1. 2022D4: a Chinese Dialogue Dataset for Depression-Diagnosis-Oriented Chatcited by 37
  2. 2022DECK: Behavioral Tests to Improve Interpretability and Generalizability of BERT Models Detecting Depression from Textcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

3 papers.

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Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Beyond Empathy: Integrating Diagnostic and Therapeutic Reasoning with Large Language Models for Mental Health Counseling
  2. 2026Guiding Language Models to Be More Empathetic: Culturally Sensitive Mental Health Advice Generation Through Human-LLM Collaboration
  3. 2023Rethinking Large Language Models in Mental Health Applications
  4. 2025Psyche-R1: Towards Reliable Psychological LLMs through Unified Empathy, Expertise, and Reasoning
  5. 2023Chain of Empathy: Enhancing Empathetic Response of Large Language Models Based on Psychotherapy Models
  6. 2024Do Large Language Models Align with Core Mental Health Counseling Competencies?
  7. 2025Reasoning Is Not All You Need: Examining LLMs for Multi-Turn Mental Health Conversations
  8. 2026Analyzing LLM Reasoning to Uncover Mental Health Stigma