Battling Botpoop using GenAI for Higher Education: A Study of a Retrieval Augmented Generation Chatbots Impact on Learning
On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Agentic RAG, agents and memory
Abstract (arXiv)
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs) have simultaneously opened new avenues for enhancing human learning and increased the prevalence of poor-quality information in student response - termed Botpoop. This study introduces Professor Leodar, a custom-built, Singlish-speaking Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) chatbot designed to enhance educational while reducing Botpoop. Deployed at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Professor Leodar offers a glimpse into the future of AI-assisted learning, offering personalized guidance, 24/7 availability, and contextually relevant information. Through a mixed-methods approach, we examine the impact of Professor Leodar on learning, engagement, and exam preparedness, with 97.1% of participants reporting positive experiences. These findings help define possible roles of AI in education and highlight the potential of custom GenAI chatbots. Our combination of chatbot development, in-class deployment and outcomes study offers a benchmark for GenAI educational tools and is a stepping stone for redefining the interplay between AI and human learning.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agentic RAG, agents and memory, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 8 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Jun 2024.
Builds on
8 of 31 references.
References · 8
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2023ChatDoctor: A Medical Chat Model Fine-Tuned on a Large Language Model Meta-AI (LLaMA) Using Medical Domain Knowledgecited by 324
- 2023FinGPT: Open-Source Financial Large Language Modelscited by 244
- 2023MathDial: A Dialogue Tutoring Dataset with Rich Pedagogical Properties Grounded in Math Reasoning Problemscited by 128
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- 2023Machine Culturecited by 55
- 2023Beyond Traditional Teaching: The Potential of Large Language Models and Chatbots in Graduate Engineering Educationcited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2025Towards Trustworthy Retrieval Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 29
- 2024Unimib Assistant: designing a student-friendly RAG-based chatbot for all their needscited by 4
- 2025Machine Assistant with Reliable Knowledge: Enhancing Student Learning via RAG-based Retrievalcited by 1
- 2026Agentic AI Ecosystems in Higher Education: A Perspective on AI Agents to Emerging Inclusive, Agentic Multi-Agent AI Framework for Learning, Teaching and Institutional Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026Agentic AI Ecosystems in Higher Education: A Perspective on AI Agents to Emerging Inclusive, Agentic Multi-Agent AI Framework for Learning, Teaching and Institutional Intelligence14 May 2026
- 2025Machine Assistant with Reliable Knowledge: Enhancing Student Learning via RAG-based Retrieval28 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Trustworthy Retrieval Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Survey8 Feb 2025
- 2024Unimib Assistant: designing a student-friendly RAG-based chatbot for all their needs29 Nov 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025From Textbook to Talkbot: A Case Study of a Greek-Language RAG-Based Chatbot in Higher Education
- 2026Large Language Models in Teaching and Learning: Reflections on Implementing an AI Chatbot in Higher Education ↗
- 2025Sabi'a: Um Chatbot de Inteligencia Artificial Generativa para Suporte no Dia a Dia do Ensino Superior
- 2024Comparing the Utility, Preference, and Performance of Course Material Search Functionality and Retrieval-Augmented Generation Large Language Model (RAG-LLM) AI Chatbots in Information-Seeking Tasks
- 2025Towards Efficient Educational Chatbots: Benchmarking RAG Frameworks
- 2026Beyond the Chatbot: Co-Learning and Co-Teaching through a Dual-Persona Generative-AI Assistant
- 2023Generative Artificial Intelligence in Learning Analytics: Contextualising Opportunities and Challenges through the Learning Analytics Cycle
- 2024A Primer on Generative AI for Telecom: From Theory to Practice