mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Hawk: Learning to Understand Open-World Video Anomalies

arXiv 2405.16886 ↗First posted 27 May 2024cs.CVcited by 49

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Abstract (arXiv)

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) systems can autonomously monitor and identify disturbances, reducing the need for manual labor and associated costs. However, current VAD systems are often limited by their superficial semantic understanding of scenes and minimal user interaction. Additionally, the prevalent data scarcity in existing datasets restricts their applicability in open-world scenarios. In this paper, we introduce Hawk, a novel framework that leverages interactive large Visual Language Models (VLM) to interpret video anomalies precisely. Recognizing the difference in motion information between abnormal and normal videos, Hawk explicitly integrates motion modality to enhance anomaly identification. To reinforce motion attention, we construct an auxiliary consistency loss within the motion and video space, guiding the video branch to focus on the motion modality. Moreover, to improve the interpretation of motion-to-language, we establish a clear supervisory relationship between motion and its linguistic representation. Furthermore, we have annotated over 8,000 anomaly videos with language descriptions, enabling effective training across diverse open-world scenarios, and also created 8,000 question-answering pairs for users' open-world questions. The final results demonstrate that Hawk achieves SOTA performance, surpassing existing baselines in both video description generation and question-answering. Our codes/dataset/demo will be released at https://github.com/jqtangust/hawk.

Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 May 2024.

Builds on

35 of 54 references.

References · 35

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  3. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
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  8. 2021Frozen in Time: A Joint Video and Image Encoder for End-to-End Retrievalcited by 1,177
  9. 2023Video-ChatGPT: Towards Detailed Video Understanding via Large Vision and Language Modelscited by 1,062
  10. 2015FlowNet: Learning Optical Flow with Convolutional Networkscited by 1,059
  11. 2023mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodalitycited by 1,040
  12. 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 857
23 more
  1. 2023LLaMA-Adapter: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models with Zero-init Attentioncited by 781
  2. 2022EVA: Exploring the Limits of Masked Visual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 691
  3. 2018Real-world Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videoscited by 577
  4. 2022InternVideo: General Video Foundation Models via Generative and Discriminative Learningcited by 447
  5. 2017Future Frame Prediction for Anomaly Detection -- A New Baselinecited by 391
  6. 2023PandaGPT: One Model To Instruction-Follow Them Allcited by 334
  7. 2020Not only Look, but also Listen: Learning Multimodal Violence Detection under Weak Supervisioncited by 238
  8. 2023Valley: Video Assistant with Large Language model Enhanced abilitYcited by 234
  9. 2021Weakly-supervised Video Anomaly Detection with Robust Temporal Feature Magnitude Learningcited by 230
  10. 2022GRiT: A Generative Region-to-text Transformer for Object Understandingcited by 121
  11. 2021UBnormal: New Benchmark for Supervised Open-Set Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 93
  12. 2023Tag2Text: Guiding Vision-Language Model via Image Taggingcited by 86
  13. 2020CLAWS: Clustering Assisted Weakly Supervised Learning with Normalcy Suppression for Anomalous Event Detectioncited by 79
  14. 2015Learning Deep Representations of Appearance and Motion for Anomalous Event Detectioncited by 75
  15. 2023Open-Vocabulary Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 57
  16. 2019Motion-Aware Feature for Improved Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 48
  17. 2024Video Anomaly Detection and Explanation via Large Language Modelscited by 47
  18. 2024Uncovering What, Why and How: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Causation Understanding of Video Anomalycited by 45
  19. 2023Learning Prompt-Enhanced Context Features for Weakly-Supervised Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 43
  20. 2023Towards Surveillance Video-and-Language Understanding: New Dataset, Baselines, and Challengescited by 42
  21. 2024GPT as Psychologist? Preliminary Evaluations for GPT-4V on Visual Affective Computingcited by 22
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 19; 2026: 23.

49 papers.

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  1. 2024Holmes-VAU: Towards Long-term Video Anomaly Understanding at Any Granularitycited by 70
  2. 2024SafeWatch: An Efficient Safety-Policy Following Video Guardrail Model with Transparent Explanationscited by 38
  3. 2025Visual Large Language Models for Generalized and Specialized Applicationscited by 36
  4. 2024Deep Learning for Video Anomaly Detection: A Reviewcited by 27
  5. 2024VERA: Explainable Video Anomaly Detection via Verbalized Learning of Vision-Language Modelscited by 24
  6. 2025VAU-R1: Advancing Video Anomaly Understanding via Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 24
  7. 2025PANDA: Towards Generalist Video Anomaly Detection via Agentic AI Engineercited by 19
  8. 2025LPO: Towards Accurate GUI Agent Interaction via Location Preference Optimizationcited by 16
  9. 2025EventVL: Understand Event Streams via Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 13
  10. 2025A Unified Reasoning Framework for Holistic Zero-Shot Video Anomaly Analysiscited by 12
  11. 2024A Review of Multimodal Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Past, Present and Futurecited by 9
  12. 2024Quo Vadis, Anomaly Detection? LLMs and VLMs in the Spotlightcited by 8
37 more
  1. 2025Language-guided Open-world Video Anomaly Detection under Weak Supervisioncited by 8
  2. 2025VAGU & GtS: LLM-Based Benchmark and Framework for Joint Video Anomaly Grounding and Understandingcited by 8
  3. 2026No Need For Real Anomaly: MLLM Empowered Zero-Shot Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 8
  4. 2024Towards Adaptive Human-centric Video Anomaly Detection: A Comprehensive Framework and A New Benchmarkcited by 6
  5. 2025Pistachio: Towards Synthetic, Balanced, and Long-Form Video Anomaly Benchmarkscited by 5
  6. 2025PhyVLLM: Physics-Guided Video Language Model with Motion-Appearance Disentanglementcited by 5
  7. 2025The Evolution of Video Anomaly Detection: A Unified Framework from DNN to MLLMcited by 4
  8. 2025CueBench: Advancing Unified Understanding of Context-Aware Video Anomalies in Real-Worldcited by 4
  9. 2025VADER: Towards Causal Video Anomaly Understanding with Relation-Aware Large Language Modelscited by 4
  10. 2026Instance-Aligned Captions for Explainable Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 4
  11. 2026Learning to Watch: Active Video Anomaly Understanding via Interleaved Policy Optimizationcited by 4
  12. 2026FineVAU: A Novel Human-Aligned Benchmark for Fine-Grained Video Anomaly Understandingcited by 3
  13. 2026TAU-R1: Visual Language Model for Traffic Anomaly Understandingcited by 3
  14. 2025Text-guided Fine-Grained Video Anomaly Understandingcited by 2
  15. 2026Response-G1: Explicit Scene Graph Modeling for Proactive Streaming Video Understandingcited by 2
  16. 2026Rethinking Open-World Video Anomaly Detection: Diagnosing Definition Blindnesscited by 2
  17. 2026AgenticVAU: Multi-Agent Explore-Verify Reasoning for Video Anomaly Understandingcited by 2
  18. 2025Uncertainty-Weighted Fusion of Image and Synthetic Event for Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 1
  19. 2025Cerberus: Real-Time Video Anomaly Detection via Cascaded Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
  20. 2026PrismVAU: Prompt-Refined Inference System for Multimodal Video Anomaly Understandingcited by 1
  21. 2026Towards Video Anomaly Detection from Event Streams: A Baseline and Benchmark Datasetscited by 1
  22. 2026ESOM: Efficiently Understanding Streaming Video Anomalies with Open-world Dynamic Definitionscited by 1
  23. 2026Is Video Anomaly Detection Misframed? Evidence from LLM-Based and Multi-Scene Modelscited by 1
  24. 2026Robust-U1: Can MLLMs Self-Recover Corrupted Visual Content for Robust Understanding?cited by 1
  25. 2026TAU-Bench: From Anomaly Instance Tracking to Fine-Grained Video Anomaly Understandingcited by 1
  26. 2026MuST-VAD: Mutual Structured Learning for Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 1
  27. 2025PiercingEye: Dual-Space Video Violence Detection with Hyperbolic Vision-Language Guidancecited by 0
  28. 2025Live-E2T: Real-time Threat Monitoring in Video via Deduplicated Event Reasoning and Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 0
  29. 2025GMFVAD: Using Grained Multi-modal Feature to Improve Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 0
  30. 2026SRVAU-R1: Enhancing Video Anomaly Understanding via Reflection-Aware Learningcited by 0
  31. 2026LATERN: Test-Time Context-Aware Explainable Video Anomaly Detectioncited by 0
  32. 2026Remember-R1: Mitigating Long-Context Visual Forgetting through Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  33. 2026TAU-Agent: An Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Framework for Traffic Anomaly Understandingcited by 0
  34. 2026Cog-VADU: A Training-Free Cognitive Reasoning Framework for Video Anomaly Detection and Understandingcited by 0
  35. 2026Controllable Multi-label Video Safety Detection via Adaptive Tversky Policy Optimizationcited by 0
  36. 2026Learning Temporal Evidence Selection for Video Anomaly Understandingcited by 0
  37. 2026Anomaly-Guided Observation and Two-Level Semantic Feedback for Training-Free Video Anomaly Analysiscited by 0

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