Fine Tuning LLM for Enterprise: Practical Guidelines and Recommendations
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
There is a compelling necessity from enterprises for fine tuning LLMs (Large Language Models) o get them trained on proprietary domain knowledge. The challenge is to imbibe the LLMs with domain specific knowledge using the most optimial resource and cost and in the best possible time. Many enterprises rely on RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) which does not need LLMs to be ine-tuned but they are limited by the quality of vector databases and their retrieval capabilities rather than the intrinsic capabilities of the LLMs themselves. In our current work we focus on fine tuning LLaMA, an open source LLM using proprietary documents and code from an enterprise repository and use the fine tuned models to evaluate the quality of responses. As part of this work, we aim to guide beginners on how to start with fine tuning an LLM for documentation and code by making educated guesses on size of GPU required and options that are available for formatting the data. We also propose pre processing recipes for both documentation and code to prepare dataset in different formats. The proposed methods of data preparation for document datasets are forming paragraph chunks, forming question and answer pairs and forming keyword and paragraph chunk pairs. For code dataset we propose forming summary and function pairs. Further, we qualitatively evaluate the results of the models for domain specific queries. Finally, we also propose practical guidelines and recommendations for fine tuning LLMs.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 7 of its 15 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Mar 2024.
Builds on
7 of 15 references.
References · 7
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
- 2023QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMscited by 3,418
- 2017Quantization and Training of Neural Networks for Efficient Integer-Arithmetic-Only Inferencecited by 1,593
- 2024The Power of Noise: Redefining Retrieval for RAG Systemscited by 281
- 2019A Study of BFLOAT16 for Deep Learning Trainingcited by 232
- 2023A Paradigm Shift in Machine Translation: Boosting Translation Performance of Large Language Modelscited by 89
- 2023A Study on the Implementation of Generative AI Services Using an Enterprise Data-Based LLM Application Architecturecited by 28
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 13; 2025: 11; 2026: 4.
28 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025Integrating LLMs with ITS: Recent Advances, Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 23
- 2024Beyond Interpretability: The Gains of Feature Monosemanticity on Model Robustnesscited by 13
- 2025Metamorphic Testing of Large Language Models for Natural Language Processingcited by 12
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 9
- 2025Operating Room Workflow Analysis via Reasoning Segmentation over Digital Twinscited by 9
- 2024DataLab: A Unified Platform for LLM-Powered Business Intelligencecited by 8
- 2024Large Model Strategic Thinking, Small Model Efficiency: Transferring Theory of Mind in Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2024GoNoGo: An Efficient LLM-based Multi-Agent System for Streamlining Automotive Software Release Decision-Makingcited by 6
- 2024Opportunities and Challenges of Generative-AI in Financecited by 6
- 2024Rethinking Scale: The Efficacy of Fine-Tuned Open-Source LLMs in Large-Scale Reproducible Social Science Researchcited by 6
- 2025GateLens: A Reasoning-Enhanced LLM Agent for Automotive Software Release Analyticscited by 4
- 2024Mamba State-Space Models Are Lyapunov-Stable Learnerscited by 3
16 more
- 2025Combining Evidence and Reasoning for Biomedical Fact-Checkingcited by 3
- 2025Use Me Wisely: AI-Driven Assessment for LLM Prompting Skills Developmentcited by 2
- 2025Deep literature reviews: an application of fine-tuned language models to migration researchcited by 2
- 2025Helping Large Language Models Protect Themselves: An Enhanced Filtering and Summarization Systemcited by 2
- 2024Decoding BACnet Packets: A Large Language Model Approach for Packet Interpretationcited by 1
- 2025GridCodex: A RAG-Driven AI Framework for Power Grid Code Reasoning and Compliancecited by 1
- 2025Efficient Toxicity Detection in Gaming Chats: A Comparative Study of Embeddings, Fine-Tuned Transformers and LLMscited by 1
- 2024Creating a Gen-AI based Track and Trace Assistant MVP (SuperTracy) for PostNLcited by 0
- 2024Leveraging LLMs for Predictive Insights in Food Policy and Behavioral Interventionscited by 0
- 2024Efficient Learning Content Retrieval with Knowledge Injectioncited by 0
- 2024Interweaving Memories of a Siamese Large Language Modelcited by 0
- 2025Perturbing the Derivative: Wild Refitting for Model-Free Evaluation of Machine Learning Models under Bregman Lossescited by 0
- 2026A Human-Centred Architecture for Large Language Models-Cognitive Assistants in Manufacturing within Quality Management Systemscited by 0
- 2026New Hybrid Fine-Tuning Paradigm for LLMs: Algorithm Design and Convergence Analysis Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026Gradient Transformer: Learning to Generate Updates for LLMscited by 0
- 2026LCAi: Life Cycle Assessment with big data fusion and retrieval-augmented generation-assisted interpretationcited by 0
- 2026LCAi: Life Cycle Assessment with big data fusion and retrieval-augmented generation-assisted interpretation25 Jun 2026
- 2026Gradient Transformer: Learning to Generate Updates for LLMs26 May 2026
- 2026New Hybrid Fine-Tuning Paradigm for LLMs: Algorithm Design and Convergence Analysis Framework10 Apr 2026
- 2026A Human-Centred Architecture for Large Language Models-Cognitive Assistants in Manufacturing within Quality Management Systems17 Mar 2026
- 2025Metamorphic Testing of Large Language Models for Natural Language Processing3 Nov 2025
- 2025Efficient Toxicity Detection in Gaming Chats: A Comparative Study of Embeddings, Fine-Tuned Transformers and LLMs20 Oct 2025
- 2025Combining Evidence and Reasoning for Biomedical Fact-Checking17 Sep 2025
- 2025Perturbing the Derivative: Wild Refitting for Model-Free Evaluation of Machine Learning Models under Bregman Losses2 Sep 2025
- 2025GridCodex: A RAG-Driven AI Framework for Power Grid Code Reasoning and Compliance18 Aug 2025
- 2025Helping Large Language Models Protect Themselves: An Enhanced Filtering and Summarization System2 May 2025
- 2025Deep literature reviews: an application of fine-tuned language models to migration research17 Apr 2025
- 2025GateLens: A Reasoning-Enhanced LLM Agent for Automotive Software Release Analytics27 Mar 2025
16 more
- 2025Operating Room Workflow Analysis via Reasoning Segmentation over Digital Twins26 Mar 2025
- 2025Use Me Wisely: AI-Driven Assessment for LLM Prompting Skills Development4 Mar 2025
- 2025Integrating LLMs with ITS: Recent Advances, Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directions8 Jan 2025
- 2024Interweaving Memories of a Siamese Large Language Model23 Dec 2024
- 2024DataLab: A Unified Platform for LLM-Powered Business Intelligence3 Dec 2024
- 2024Efficient Learning Content Retrieval with Knowledge Injection28 Nov 2024
- 2024Leveraging LLMs for Predictive Insights in Food Policy and Behavioral Interventions13 Nov 2024
- 2024Rethinking Scale: The Efficacy of Fine-Tuned Open-Source LLMs in Large-Scale Reproducible Social Science Research31 Oct 2024
- 2024Beyond Interpretability: The Gains of Feature Monosemanticity on Model Robustness27 Oct 2024
- 2024Opportunities and Challenges of Generative-AI in Finance21 Oct 2024
- 2024Creating a Gen-AI based Track and Trace Assistant MVP (SuperTracy) for PostNL4 Sep 2024
- 2024GoNoGo: An Efficient LLM-based Multi-Agent System for Streamlining Automotive Software Release Decision-Making19 Aug 2024
- 2024Large Model Strategic Thinking, Small Model Efficiency: Transferring Theory of Mind in Large Language Models5 Aug 2024
- 2024Decoding BACnet Packets: A Large Language Model Approach for Packet Interpretation22 Jul 2024
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wild17 Jul 2024
- 2024Mamba State-Space Models Are Lyapunov-Stable Learners31 May 2024
- 2025Operating Room Workflow Analysis via Reasoning Segmentation over Digital Twinscited by 9
- 2024Large Model Strategic Thinking, Small Model Efficiency: Transferring Theory of Mind in Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2024Rethinking Scale: The Efficacy of Fine-Tuned Open-Source LLMs in Large-Scale Reproducible Social Science Researchcited by 6
- 2025GateLens: A Reasoning-Enhanced LLM Agent for Automotive Software Release Analyticscited by 4
- 2025Combining Evidence and Reasoning for Biomedical Fact-Checkingcited by 3
- 2025GridCodex: A RAG-Driven AI Framework for Power Grid Code Reasoning and Compliancecited by 1
- 2025Combining Evidence and Reasoning for Biomedical Fact-Checking17 Sep 2025
- 2025GridCodex: A RAG-Driven AI Framework for Power Grid Code Reasoning and Compliance18 Aug 2025
- 2025GateLens: A Reasoning-Enhanced LLM Agent for Automotive Software Release Analytics27 Mar 2025
- 2025Operating Room Workflow Analysis via Reasoning Segmentation over Digital Twins26 Mar 2025
- 2024Rethinking Scale: The Efficacy of Fine-Tuned Open-Source LLMs in Large-Scale Reproducible Social Science Research31 Oct 2024
- 2024Large Model Strategic Thinking, Small Model Efficiency: Transferring Theory of Mind in Large Language Models5 Aug 2024
- 2026Gradient Transformer: Learning to Generate Updates for LLMs26 May 2026
- 2024Mamba State-Space Models Are Lyapunov-Stable Learnerscited by 3
- 2024Mamba State-Space Models Are Lyapunov-Stable Learners31 May 2024
- 2025Integrating LLMs with ITS: Recent Advances, Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 23
- 2024Beyond Interpretability: The Gains of Feature Monosemanticity on Model Robustnesscited by 13
- 2025Metamorphic Testing of Large Language Models for Natural Language Processingcited by 12
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 9
- 2024DataLab: A Unified Platform for LLM-Powered Business Intelligencecited by 8
- 2024Opportunities and Challenges of Generative-AI in Financecited by 6
- 2025Use Me Wisely: AI-Driven Assessment for LLM Prompting Skills Developmentcited by 2
- 2025Deep literature reviews: an application of fine-tuned language models to migration researchcited by 2
- 2024Decoding BACnet Packets: A Large Language Model Approach for Packet Interpretationcited by 1
- 2025Efficient Toxicity Detection in Gaming Chats: A Comparative Study of Embeddings, Fine-Tuned Transformers and LLMscited by 1
- 2024Creating a Gen-AI based Track and Trace Assistant MVP (SuperTracy) for PostNLcited by 0
- 2024Leveraging LLMs for Predictive Insights in Food Policy and Behavioral Interventionscited by 0
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026LCAi: Life Cycle Assessment with big data fusion and retrieval-augmented generation-assisted interpretation25 Jun 2026
- 2026New Hybrid Fine-Tuning Paradigm for LLMs: Algorithm Design and Convergence Analysis Framework10 Apr 2026
- 2026A Human-Centred Architecture for Large Language Models-Cognitive Assistants in Manufacturing within Quality Management Systems17 Mar 2026
- 2025Metamorphic Testing of Large Language Models for Natural Language Processing3 Nov 2025
- 2025Efficient Toxicity Detection in Gaming Chats: A Comparative Study of Embeddings, Fine-Tuned Transformers and LLMs20 Oct 2025
- 2025Perturbing the Derivative: Wild Refitting for Model-Free Evaluation of Machine Learning Models under Bregman Losses2 Sep 2025
- 2025Deep literature reviews: an application of fine-tuned language models to migration research17 Apr 2025
- 2025Use Me Wisely: AI-Driven Assessment for LLM Prompting Skills Development4 Mar 2025
- 2025Integrating LLMs with ITS: Recent Advances, Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directions8 Jan 2025
- 2024Interweaving Memories of a Siamese Large Language Model23 Dec 2024
- 2024DataLab: A Unified Platform for LLM-Powered Business Intelligence3 Dec 2024
- 2024Leveraging LLMs for Predictive Insights in Food Policy and Behavioral Interventions13 Nov 2024
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Evaluating the Efficacy of Open-Source LLMs in Enterprise-Specific RAG Systems: A Comparative Study of Performance and Scalability
- 2024T-RAG: Lessons from the LLM Trenches
- 2024Enhancing Large Language Model Performance To Answer Questions and Extract Information More Accurately
- 2026Assessment of RAG and Fine-Tuning for Industrial Question-Answering-Applications
- 2025Tuning LLMs by RAG Principles: Towards LLM-native Memory
- 2024Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey on How to Make your LLMs use External Data More Wisely
- 2025ALoFTRAG: Automatic Local Fine Tuning for Retrieval Augmented Generation
- 2024RAG vs Fine-tuning: Pipelines, Tradeoffs, and a Case Study on Agriculture