mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MathVC: An LLM-Simulated Multi-Character Virtual Classroom for Mathematics Education

arXiv 2404.06711 ↗First posted 10 Apr 2024cs.CL cs.HCcited by 37

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Abstract (arXiv)

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is essential in mathematics education, fostering deeper learning through the exchange of ideas. Yet, classrooms often lack the resources, time, and peer dynamics needed to sustain productive CPS. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue to enhance CPS in mathematical education. We designed and developed MathVC, a multi-persona LLM simulated virtual classroom platform to facilitate CPS in mathematics. MathVC combines a meta planning controller that monitors CPS stages-sense-making, team organization, planning, execution, validation, and predicts the next speaker, with a persona simulation stack that encodes mathematical thinking via a task schema and error-injected persona schemas seeded from teacher-specified misconceptions. We evaluated MathVC with 14 U.S. middle schoolers. Students reported constructive interaction and reaching shared solutions, describing gains in engagement, motivation, and confidence through diverse perspectives, immediate scaffolding, and human-like fallibility. Our findings also provide insights into simulating peers via LLM-based technologies for collaboration to support learning.

Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 108 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Apr 2024.

Builds on

19 of 108 references.

References · 19

  1. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,808
  2. 2023LaMP: When Large Language Models Meet Personalizationcited by 437
  3. 2023Character-LLM: A Trainable Agent for Role-Playingcited by 339
  4. 2023MedAgents: Large Language Models as Collaborators for Zero-shot Medical Reasoningcited by 316
  5. 2017Learning Discourse-level Diversity for Neural Dialog Models using Conditional Variational Autoencoderscited by 222
  6. 2023MathDial: A Dialogue Tutoring Dataset with Rich Pedagogical Properties Grounded in Math Reasoning Problemscited by 131
  7. 2024Systematic Biases in LLM Simulations of Debatescited by 99
  8. 2023On Learning to Summarize with Large Language Models as Referencescited by 80
  9. 2016A User Simulator for Task-Completion Dialoguescited by 57
  10. 2024EduAgent: Generative Student Agents in Learningcited by 42
  11. 2022The TalkMoves Dataset: K-12 Mathematics Lesson Transcripts Annotated for Teacher and Student Discursive Movescited by 38
  12. 2023Writer-Defined AI Personas for On-Demand Feedback Generationcited by 36
7 more
  1. 2023Gentopia: A Collaborative Platform for Tool-Augmented LLMscited by 26
  2. 2024Learning Agent-based Modeling with LLM Companions: Experiences of Novices and Experts Using ChatGPT & NetLogo Chatcited by 23
  3. 2024Mathemyths: Leveraging Large Language Models to Teach Mathematical Language through Child-AI Co-Creative Storytellingcited by 21
  4. 2023Reflective Linguistic Programming (RLP): A Stepping Stone in Socially-Aware AGI (SocialAGI)cited by 16
  5. 2024One Prompt To Rule Them All: LLMs for Opinion Summary Evaluationcited by 16
  6. 2023Can Language Models Employ the Socratic Method? Experiments with Code Debuggingcited by 15
  7. 2024Interrogating AI: Characterizing Emergent Playful Interactions with ChatGPTcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 17; 2026: 11.

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  1. 2025A Survey of Self-Evolving Agents: What, When, How, and Where to Evolve on the Path to Artificial Super Intelligencecited by 170
  2. 2025From LLM Reasoning to Autonomous AI Agents: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 149
  3. 2024Simulating Classroom Education with LLM-Empowered Agentscited by 127
  4. 2024From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agentscited by 82
  5. 2025LLM Agents for Education: Advances and Applicationscited by 59
  6. 2024MEDCO: Medical Education Copilots Based on A Multi-Agent Frameworkcited by 33
  7. 2024Social Science Meets LLMs: How Reliable Are Large Language Models in Social Simulations?cited by 26
  8. 2025Embracing Imperfection: Simulating Students with Diverse Cognitive Levels Using LLM-based Agentscited by 19
  9. 2024Very Large-Scale Multi-Agent Simulation in AgentScopecited by 18
  10. 2026A Survey on LLM-based Conversational User Simulationcited by 18
  11. 2024Quantifying and Optimizing Global Faithfulness in Persona-driven Role-playingcited by 17
  12. 2024From MOOC to MAIC: Reshaping Online Teaching and Learning through LLM-driven Agentscited by 15
25 more
  1. 2025Classroom Simulacra: Building Contextual Student Generative Agents in Online Education for Learning Behavioral Simulationcited by 15
  2. 2024GFlowNet Fine-tuning for Diverse Correct Solutions in Mathematical Reasoning Taskscited by 8
  3. 2025FACET: Teacher-Centred LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems-Towards Personalized Educational Worksheetscited by 7
  4. 2026Towards Valid Student Simulation with Large Language Modelscited by 7
  5. 2025Position: LLMs Can be Good Tutors in English Educationcited by 6
  6. 2024When LLMs Learn to be Students: The SOEI Framework for Modeling and Evaluating Virtual Student Agents in Educational Interactioncited by 4
  7. 2025CP-Env: Evaluating Large Language Models on Clinical Pathways in a Controllable Hospital Environmentcited by 4
  8. 2026Digital Twin AI: Opportunities and Challenges from Large Language Models to World Modelscited by 4
  9. 2025Can LLMs Simulate Personas with Reversed Performance? A Systematic Investigation for Counterfactual Instruction Following in Math Reasoning Contextcited by 3
  10. 2025Synthesizing High-Quality Programming Tasks with LLM-based Expert and Student Agentscited by 3
  11. 2025Evolution in Simulation: AI-Agent School with Dual Memory for High-Fidelity Educational Dynamicscited by 3
  12. 2025Unveiling the Learning Mind of Language Models: A Cognitive Framework and Empirical Studycited by 1
  13. 2026INSIDE the Student's Mind: Jointly Modeling Latent Reasoning and Action in LLM Student Simulatorscited by 1
  14. 2025Is your multimodal large language model a good science tutor?cited by 0
  15. 2025Exploring Communication Strategies for Collaborative LLM Agents in Mathematical Problem-Solvingcited by 0
  16. 2025OnlineMate: An LLM-Based Multi-Agent Companion System for Cognitive Support in Online Learningcited by 0
  17. 2025Student Development Agent: Risk-free Simulation for Evaluating AIED Innovationscited by 0
  18. 2025DebugTA: An LLM-Based Agent for Simplifying Debugging and Teaching in Programming Educationcited by 0
  19. 2026Lect=uraAgents: A Multi-Agent Framework for Adaptive Personalized AI-Assisted Learning and Embodied Teachingcited by 0
  20. 2026PeerMathDial: A Middle School Dialogue Dataset for Student Collaborative Math Problem Solvingcited by 0
  21. 2026From Triggers to Emotions: A CPM-Grounded Appraisal Multi-Agent for Dynamic Emotional Evolution in Persona-Based Dialoguecited by 0
  22. 2026Evaluating the Effectiveness of Persona Simulation in Opinion Prediction with GPT-4.1cited by 0
  23. 2026SLATE: Are AI-Generated Slides Educationally Effective? A Benchmark for Language Teaching Quality and Learner Knowledge Acquisitioncited by 0
  24. 2026TutorLoop: Regulating Student Learning Behaviors via Sensor-in-the-Loop Generative Feedbackcited by 0
  25. 2026Do LLM Tutors Actually Teach? A Process-Centered Synthesis of the Tutoring Loopcited by 0