mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Interactive Continual Learning: Fast and Slow Thinking

arXiv 2403.02628 ↗First posted 5 Mar 2024cs.CV cs.LGcited by 23

On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Advanced life forms, sustained by the synergistic interaction of neural cognitive mechanisms, continually acquire and transfer knowledge throughout their lifespan. In contrast, contemporary machine learning paradigms exhibit limitations in emulating the facets of continual learning (CL). Nonetheless, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) presents promising avenues for realizing CL via interactions with these models. Drawing on Complementary Learning System theory, this paper presents a novel Interactive Continual Learning (ICL) framework, enabled by collaborative interactions among models of various sizes. Specifically, we assign the ViT model as System1 and multimodal LLM as System2. To enable the memory module to deduce tasks from class information and enhance Set2Set retrieval, we propose the Class-Knowledge-Task Multi-Head Attention (CKT-MHA). Additionally, to improve memory retrieval in System1 through enhanced geometric representation, we introduce the CL-vMF mechanism, based on the von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distribution. Meanwhile, we introduce the von Mises-Fisher Outlier Detection and Interaction (vMF-ODI) strategy to identify hard examples, thus enhancing collaboration between System1 and System2 for complex reasoning realization. Comprehensive evaluation of our proposed ICL demonstrates significant resistance to forgetting and superior performance relative to existing methods. Code is available at github.com/ICL.

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 9 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Mar 2024.

Builds on

9 of 53 references.

References · 9

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  2. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,689
  3. 2018Efficient Lifelong Learning with A-GEMcited by 1,044
  4. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
  5. 2019Three scenarios for continual learningcited by 610
  6. 2018Learning to Learn without Forgetting by Maximizing Transfer and Minimizing Interferencecited by 511
  7. 2021Gradient Projection Memory for Continual Learningcited by 338
  8. 2019On Tiny Episodic Memories in Continual Learningcited by 299
  9. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of AI-Generated Content (AIGC): A History of Generative AI from GAN to ChatGPTcited by 221

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 12; 2025: 9; 2026: 2.

23 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025From System 1 to System 2: A Survey of Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 319
  2. 2024On-Device Language Models: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 101
  3. 2024A Dual Process VLA: Efficient Robotic Manipulation Leveraging VLMcited by 44
  4. 2024Online DPO: Online Direct Preference Optimization with Fast-Slow Chasingcited by 38
  5. 2024Fast and Slow Generating: An Empirical Study on Large and Small Language Models Collaborative Decodingcited by 12
  6. 2025Can LLMs Correct Themselves? A Benchmark of Self-Correction in LLMscited by 12
  7. 2024Safe-SD: Safe and Traceable Stable Diffusion with Text Prompt Trigger for Invisible Generative Watermarkingcited by 11
  8. 2024Towards Building Specialized Generalist AI with System 1 and System 2 Fusioncited by 8
  9. 2024An Efficient Memory Module for Graph Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 8
  10. 2024Contrastive Augmented Graph2Graph Memory Interaction for Few Shot Continual Learningcited by 7
  11. 2024Towards Incremental Learning in Large Language Models: A Critical Reviewcited by 6
  12. 2024SMR: State Memory Replay for Long Sequence Modelingcited by 6
11 more
  1. 2025DSADF: Thinking Fast and Slow for Decision Makingcited by 6
  2. 2025T-GRAG: A Dynamic GraphRAG Framework for Resolving Temporal Conflicts and Redundancy in Knowledge Retrievalcited by 6
  3. 2025Reinforced Interactive Continual Learning via Real-time Noisy Human Feedbackcited by 3
  4. 2024Asynchronous Perception Machine For Efficient Test-Time-Trainingcited by 2
  5. 2026SAFE-QAQ: End-to-End Slow-Thinking Audio-Text Fraud Detection via Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  6. 2024SR-CIS: Self-Reflective Incremental System with Decoupled Memory and Reasoningcited by 1
  7. 2025Cognitive Duality for Adaptive Web Agentscited by 1
  8. 2025Bridging Scale Discrepancies in Robotic Control via Language-Based Action Representationscited by 1
  9. 2026ImageHD: Energy-Efficient On-Device Continual Learning of Visual Representations via Hyperdimensional Computingcited by 1
  10. 2025Learning Dynamic Representations via An Optimally-Weighted Maximum Mean Discrepancy Optimization Framework for Continual Learningcited by 0
  11. 2025Ken Utilization Layer: Hebbian Replay Within a Student's Ken for Adaptive Exercise Recommendationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Continual Learning for Large Language Models: A Survey
  2. 2025When Continue Learning Meets Multimodal Large Language Model: A Survey
  3. 2025Continual Learning for VLMs: A Survey and Taxonomy Beyond Forgetting
  4. 2026Continual-NExT: A Unified Comprehension And Generation Continual Learning Framework
  5. 2025In-Context Learning can Perform Continual Learning Like Humans
  6. 2025MLLM-CL: Continual Learning for Multimodal Large Language Models
  7. 2026Position: Modular Memory is the Key to Continual Learning Agents
  8. 2024Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Survey