mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

BiMediX: Bilingual Medical Mixture of Experts LLM

arXiv 2402.13253 ↗First posted 20 Feb 2024cs.CLcited by 21

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we introduce BiMediX, the first bilingual medical mixture of experts LLM designed for seamless interaction in both English and Arabic. Our model facilitates a wide range of medical interactions in English and Arabic, including multi-turn chats to inquire about additional details such as patient symptoms and medical history, multiple-choice question answering, and open-ended question answering. We propose a semi-automated English-to-Arabic translation pipeline with human refinement to ensure high-quality translations. We also introduce a comprehensive evaluation benchmark for Arabic medical LLMs. Furthermore, we introduce BiMed1.3M, an extensive Arabic-English bilingual instruction set covering 1.3 Million diverse medical interactions, resulting in over 632 million healthcare specialized tokens for instruction tuning. Our BiMed1.3M dataset includes 250k synthesized multi-turn doctor-patient chats and maintains a 1:2 Arabic-to-English ratio. Our model outperforms state-of-the-art Med42 and Meditron by average absolute gains of 2.5% and 4.1%, respectively, computed across multiple medical evaluation benchmarks in English, while operating at 8-times faster inference. Moreover, our BiMediX outperforms the generic Arabic-English bilingual LLM, Jais-30B, by average absolute gains of 10% on our Arabic medical benchmark and 15% on bilingual evaluations across multiple datasets. Our project page with source code and trained model is available at https://github.com/mbzuai-oryx/BiMediX .

Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Feb 2024.

Builds on

27 of 50 references.

References · 27

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15 more
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 7; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2025LLM Post-Training: A Deep Dive into Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 129
  2. 2024A Review of Large Language Models and Autonomous Agents in Chemistrycited by 96
  3. 2025Vision-Language Models for Edge Networks: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 29
  4. 2025Ask Patients with Patience: Enabling LLMs for Human-Centric Medical Dialogue with Grounded Reasoningcited by 19
  5. 2024A Survey on Large Language Models from General Purpose to Medical Applications: Datasets, Methodologies, and Evaluationscited by 16
  6. 2024Large Language Model Benchmarks in Medical Taskscited by 16
  7. 2025Mixture of Experts in Large Language Modelscited by 15
  8. 2026MediX-R1: Open Ended Medical Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  9. 2024MoPEFT: A Mixture-of-PEFTs for the Segment Anything Modelcited by 3
  10. 2024Development and bilingual evaluation of Japanese medical large language model within reasonably low computational resourcescited by 3
  11. 2025A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Mental Illnesses in Arabic Contextcited by 3
  12. 2026MedAraBench: Large-Scale Arabic Medical Question Answering Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 3
9 more
  1. 2024GemmAr: Enhancing LLMs Through Arabic Instruction-Tuningcited by 2
  2. 2025Reviewing Clinical Knowledge in Medical Large Language Models: Training and Beyondcited by 1
  3. 2026MedAidDialog: A Multilingual Multi-Turn Medical Dialogue Dataset for Accessible Healthcarecited by 1
  4. 2026OMIND: Framework for Knowledge Grounded Finetuning and Multi-Turn Dialogue Benchmark for Mental Health LLMscited by 1
  5. 2024Towards Democratizing Multilingual Large Language Models For Medicine Through A Two-Stage Instruction Fine-tuning Approachcited by 0
  6. 2025PerMedCQA: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Medical Consumer Question Answering in Persian Languagecited by 0
  7. 2026IndicMedDialog: A Parallel Multi-Turn Medical Dialogue Dataset for Accessible Healthcare in Indic Languagescited by 0
  8. 2026Trade-offs in Medical LLM Adaptation: An Empirical Study in French QAcited by 0
  9. 2026Bridging the English-Arabic Medical Knowledge Gap: Targeted Low-Rank Adaptation via Causal Layer Selectioncited by 0

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  1. 2024BiMediX2: Bio-Medical EXpert LMM for Diverse Medical Modalities
  2. 2024Aqulia-Med LLM: Pioneering Full-Process Open-Source Medical Language Models
  3. 2025PersianMedQA: Evaluating Large Language Models on a Persian-English Bilingual Medical Question Answering Benchmark
  4. 2024MedExpQA: Multilingual Benchmarking of Large Language Models for Medical Question Answering
  5. 2025Benchmarking the Medical Understanding and Reasoning of Large Language Models in Arabic Healthcare Tasks
  6. 2026EuropeMedQA Study Protocol: A Multilingual, Multimodal Medical Examination Dataset for Language Model Evaluation
  7. 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Large Language Models and Multimodal Large Language Models in Medicine
  8. 2024Efficiently Democratizing Medical LLMs for 50 Languages via a Mixture of Language Family Experts