mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

RealCompo: Balancing Realism and Compositionality Improves Text-to-Image Diffusion Models

arXiv 2402.12908 ↗First posted 20 Feb 2024cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 18

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable advancements in text-to-image generation. However, existing models still have many difficulties when faced with multiple-object compositional generation. In this paper, we propose RealCompo, a new training-free and transferred-friendly text-to-image generation framework, which aims to leverage the respective advantages of text-to-image models and spatial-aware image diffusion models (e.g., layout, keypoints and segmentation maps) to enhance both realism and compositionality of the generated images. An intuitive and novel balancer is proposed to dynamically balance the strengths of the two models in denoising process, allowing plug-and-play use of any model without extra training. Extensive experiments show that our RealCompo consistently outperforms state-of-the-art text-to-image models and spatial-aware image diffusion models in multiple-object compositional generation while keeping satisfactory realism and compositionality of the generated images. Notably, our RealCompo can be seamlessly extended with a wide range of spatial-aware image diffusion models and stylized diffusion models. Our code is available at: https://github.com/YangLing0818/RealCompo

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 67 of its 80 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Feb 2024.

Builds on

67 of 80 references.

Closest ancestors · 33

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024InstanceDiffusion: Instance-level Control for Image Generation5 Feb
  2. 2024Mastering Text-to-Image Diffusion: Recaptioning, Planning, and Generating with Multimodal LLMs22 Jan
  3. 2023Local Conditional Controlling for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models14 Dec
  4. 2023CONFORM: Contrast is All You Need For High-Fidelity Text-to-Image Diffusion Models11 Dec
  5. 2023Reason out Your Layout: Evoking the Layout Master from Large Language Models for Text-to-Image Synthesis28 Nov
  6. 2023Self-correcting LLM-controlled Diffusion Models27 Nov
  7. 2023UFOGen: You Forward Once Large Scale Text-to-Image Generation via Diffusion GANs14 Nov
  8. 2023LLM Blueprint: Enabling Text-to-Image Generation with Complex and Detailed Prompts16 Oct
  9. 2023Improving Compositional Text-to-image Generation with Large Vision-Language Models10 Oct
  10. 2023Progressive Text-to-Image Diffusion with Soft Latent Direction18 Sep
  11. 2023Dense Text-to-Image Generation with Attention Modulation24 Aug
  12. 2023IP-Adapter: Text Compatible Image Prompt Adapter for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models13 Aug
21 more
  1. 2023LayoutLLM-T2I: Eliciting Layout Guidance from LLM for Text-to-Image Generation9 Aug
  2. 2023BoxDiff: Text-to-Image Synthesis with Training-Free Box-Constrained Diffusion20 Jul
  3. 2023Energy-Based Cross Attention for Bayesian Context Update in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models16 Jun
  4. 2023Linguistic Binding in Diffusion Models: Enhancing Attribute Correspondence through Attention Map Alignment15 Jun
  5. 2023Grounded Text-to-Image Synthesis with Attention Refocusing8 Jun
  6. 2023Real-World Image Variation by Aligning Diffusion Inversion Chain30 May
  7. 2023RAPHAEL: Text-to-Image Generation via Large Mixture of Diffusion Paths29 May
  8. 2023Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesis with Attention Map Control of Diffusion Models23 May
  9. 2023LLM-grounded Diffusion: Enhancing Prompt Understanding of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Large Language Models23 May
  10. 2023Collaborative Diffusion for Multi-Modal Face Generation and Editing20 Apr
  11. 2023LayoutDiffusion: Controllable Diffusion Model for Layout-to-image Generation30 Mar
  12. 2023Cones: Concept Neurons in Diffusion Models for Customized Generation9 Mar
  13. 2023MultiDiffusion: Fusing Diffusion Paths for Controlled Image Generation16 Feb
  14. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Feb
  15. 2023Attend-and-Excite: Attention-Based Semantic Guidance for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models31 Jan
  16. 2023GLIGEN: Open-Set Grounded Text-to-Image Generation17 Jan
  17. 2022Training-Free Structured Diffusion Guidance for Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesis9 Dec
  18. 2022eDiff-I: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with an Ensemble of Expert Denoisers2 Nov
  19. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  20. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
  21. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec

Other references · 34

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  4. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  5. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  6. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  7. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  8. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  9. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  10. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,290
  11. 2022Rethinking the Role of Demonstrations: What Makes In-Context Learning Work?cited by 1,413
  12. 2022Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Methods and Applicationscited by 1,107
22 more
  1. 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translationcited by 897
  2. 2023PixArt-α: Fast Training of Diffusion Transformer for Photorealistic Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 854
  3. 2023LayoutGPT: Compositional Visual Planning and Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 337
  4. 2023Training-Free Layout Control with Cross-Attention Guidancecited by 312
  5. 2023FreeDoM: Training-Free Energy-Guided Conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 290
  6. 2022Optimizing Prompts for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 204
  7. 2022ReCo: Region-Controlled Text-to-Image Generationcited by 177
  8. 2023Unified Demonstration Retriever for In-Context Learningcited by 141
  9. 2024MIGC: Multi-Instance Generation Controller for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 123
  10. 2023LLMScore: Unveiling the Power of Large Language Models in Text-to-Image Synthesis Evaluationcited by 85
  11. 2022Frido: Feature Pyramid Diffusion for Complex Scene Image Synthesiscited by 75
  12. 2023Matryoshka Diffusion Modelscited by 70
  13. 2022LAMBADA: Backward Chaining for Automated Reasoning in Natural Languagecited by 66
  14. 2024Instruct-Imagen: Image Generation with Multi-modal Instructioncited by 65
  15. 2023DreamSync: Aligning Text-to-Image Generation with Image Understanding Feedbackcited by 57
  16. 2022Diffusion-Based Scene Graph to Image Generation with Masked Contrastive Pre-Trainingcited by 56
  17. 2023Measuring Inductive Biases of In-Context Learning with Underspecified Demonstrationscited by 49
  18. 2021A Unified Pruning Framework for Vision Transformerscited by 40
  19. 2024Improving Diffusion-Based Image Synthesis with Context Predictioncited by 32
  20. 2023Stable Diffusion is Unstablecited by 27
  21. 2023SpeechGen: Unlocking the Generative Power of Speech Language Models with Promptscited by 21
  22. 2023Matching Pairs: Attributing Fine-Tuned Models to their Pre-Trained Large Language Modelscited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 10; 2026: 5.

18 papers.

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  1. 2025Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation Models: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 81
  2. 2024FATE: Full-head Gaussian Avatar with Textural Editing from Monocular Videocited by 31
  3. 2025HermesFlow: Seamlessly Closing the Gap in Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 17
  4. 2024LAION-SG: An Enhanced Large-Scale Dataset for Training Complex Image-Text Models with Structural Annotationscited by 12
  5. 2025Diffusion-Sharpening: Fine-tuning Diffusion Models with Denoising Trajectory Sharpeningcited by 6
  6. 2025Inversion-DPO: Precise and Efficient Post-Training for Diffusion Modelscited by 6
  7. 2025Detail++: Training-Free Detail Enhancer for T2I Diffusion Modelscited by 4
  8. 2025Guiding What Not to Generate: Automated Negative Prompting for Text-Image Alignmentcited by 4
  9. 2024StarVid: Enhancing Semantic Alignment in Video Diffusion Models via Spatial and SynTactic Guided Attention Refocusingcited by 3
  10. 2025Why Settle for Mid: A Probabilistic Viewpoint to Spatial Relationship Alignment in Text-to-image Modelscited by 2
  11. 2026OmniVerifier-M1: Multimodal Meta-Verifier with Explicit Structured Recalibrationcited by 2
  12. 2025GTAvatar: Bridging Gaussian Splatting and Texture Mapping for Relightable and Editable Gaussian Avatarscited by 1
6 more
  1. 2026Composing People Together: Iterative Pose-Image Generation for Multi-Person Interaction Scenescited by 1
  2. 2026VidForensics-M1: Meta-Detection Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Temporal Grounding for AI-Generated Video Forensicscited by 1
  3. 2025ISAC: Training-Free Instance-to-Semantic Attention Control for Multi-Instance Generationcited by 0
  4. 2025ComposeAnything: Composite Object Priors for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 0
  5. 2026Training-Free Object-Background Compositional T2I via Dynamic Spatial Guidance and Multi-Path Pruningcited by 0
  6. 2026WithEveryone: Unified Planning and Identity Grounding for Group Image Generationcited by 0

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  1. 2023TokenCompose: Text-to-Image Diffusion with Token-level Supervision
  2. 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Survey
  3. 2024All Seeds Are Not Equal: Enhancing Compositional Text-to-Image Generation with Reliable Random Seeds
  4. 2023Text-to-image Diffusion Models in Generative AI: A Survey
  5. 2026MixDiffusion: Mixing Diffusion-based Uni-condition Text-to-Image Generation Models for Multi-condition Image Synthesis
  6. 2026i1: A Simple and Fully Open Recipe for Strong Text-to-Image Models
  7. 2024Diffusion Model-Based Image Editing: A Survey
  8. 2026Efficient Text-to-Image Generation: An Adaptive Step Schedule Controller for Diffusion Models