LoRA-Flow: Dynamic LoRA Fusion for Large Language Models in Generative Tasks
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Abstract (arXiv)
LoRA employs lightweight modules to customize large language models (LLMs) for each downstream task or domain, where different learned additional modules represent diverse skills. Combining existing LoRAs to address new tasks can enhance the reusability of learned LoRAs, particularly beneficial for tasks with limited annotated data. Most prior works on LoRA combination primarily rely on task-level weights for each involved LoRA, making different examples and tokens share the same LoRA weights. However, in generative tasks, different tokens may necessitate diverse skills to manage. Taking the Chinese math task as an example, understanding the problem description may depend more on the Chinese LoRA, while the calculation part may rely more on the math LoRA. To this end, we propose LoRA-Flow, which utilizes dynamic weights to adjust the impact of different LoRAs. The weights at each step are determined by a fusion gate with extremely few parameters, which can be learned with only 200 training examples. Experiments across six generative tasks demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms baselines with task-level fusion weights. This underscores the necessity of introducing dynamic fusion weights for LoRA combination.
Key facts. Cited by 39 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Feb 2024.
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10 of 17 references.
References · 10
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2019Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning for NLPcited by 4,195
- 2021Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generationcited by 3,878
- 2020AdapterFusion: Non-Destructive Task Composition for Transfer Learningcited by 780
- 2023LoraHub: Efficient Cross-Task Generalization via Dynamic LoRA Compositioncited by 359
- 2023Okapi: Instruction-tuned Large Language Models in Multiple Languages with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 189
- 2023Composing Parameter-Efficient Modules with Arithmetic Operationscited by 155
- 2019The Bottom-up Evolution of Representations in the Transformer: A Study with Machine Translation and Language Modeling Objectivescited by 139
- 2022AdaMix: Mixture-of-Adaptations for Parameter-efficient Model Tuningcited by 137
- 2023Language and Task Arithmetic with Parameter-Efficient Layers for Zero-Shot Summarizationcited by 28
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 13; 2025: 15; 2026: 11.
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- 2024Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunitiescited by 247
- 2024MiLoRA: Harnessing Minor Singular Components for Parameter-Efficient LLM Finetuningcited by 89
- 2024Merging LoRAs like Playing LEGO: Pushing the Modularity of LoRA to Extremes Through Rank-Wise Clusteringcited by 58
- 2024A Survey on Model MoErging: Recycling and Routing Among Specialized Experts for Collaborative Learningcited by 52
- 2024Low-Rank Adaptation for Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 35
- 2025CITER: Collaborative Inference for Efficient Large Language Model Decoding with Token-Level Routingcited by 29
- 2024LoRATK: LoRA Once, Backdoor Everywhere in the Share-and-Play Ecosystemcited by 22
- 2024DAM: Dynamic Adapter Merging for Continual Video QA Learningcited by 18
- 2024Stylus: Automatic Adapter Selection for Diffusion Modelscited by 18
- 2025LoRI: Reducing Cross-Task Interference in Multi-Task Low-Rank Adaptationcited by 18
- 2024Delta-CoMe: Training-Free Delta-Compression with Mixed-Precision for Large Language Modelscited by 17
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Mixture of LoRA Experts for Uploadable Machine Learningcited by 14
27 more
- 2025MINGLE: Mixture of Null-Space Gated Low-Rank Experts for Test-Time Continual Model Mergingcited by 14
- 2025LongDPO: Unlock Better Long-form Generation Abilities for LLMs via Critique-augmented Stepwise Informationcited by 8
- 2025ICM-Fusion: In-Context Meta-Optimized LoRA Fusion for Multi-Task Adaptationcited by 7
- 2025Why Do More Experts Fail? A Theoretical Analysis of Model Mergingcited by 6
- 2024Expressive and Generalizable Low-rank Adaptation for Large Models via Slow Cascaded Learningcited by 5
- 2025Adaptive LoRA Merge with Parameter Pruning for Low-Resource Generationcited by 5
- 2024Glider: Global and Local Instruction-Driven Expert Routercited by 4
- 2025FedMerge: Federated Personalization via Model Mergingcited by 4
- 2025Rethinking Inter-LoRA Orthogonality in Adapter Merging: Insights from Orthogonal Monte Carlo Dropoutcited by 3
- 2025LoRA on the Go: Instance-level Dynamic LoRA Selection and Mergingcited by 3
- 2026Compress then Merge: From Multiple LoRAs into One Low-Rank Adaptercited by 3
- 2024Matrix-Transformation Based Low-Rank Adaptation (MTLoRA): A Brain-Inspired Method for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuningcited by 2
- 2025qa-FLoRA: Data-free query-adaptive Fusion of LoRAs for LLMscited by 2
- 2025FedRPCA: Enhancing Federated LoRA Aggregation Using Robust PCAcited by 1
- 2025Unlock the Potential of Fine-grained LLM Serving via Dynamic Module Scalingcited by 1
- 2026ReMix: Reinforcement routing for mixtures of LoRAs in LLM finetuningcited by 1
- 2026HELLoRA: Hot Experts Layer-Level Low-Rank Adaptation for Mixture-of-Experts Modelscited by 1
- 2026SSR-Merge: Subspace Signal Routing for Training-Free LoRA Merging in Diffusion Modelscited by 1
- 2026From Parameters to Behaviors: A Survey of Model Fusion for Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Black-box Model Merging for Language-Model-as-a-Service with Massive Model Repositoriescited by 0
- 2025SAMora: Enhancing SAM through Hierarchical Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Medical Imagescited by 0
- 2026Task-Aware LoRA Adapter Composition via Similarity Retrieval in Vector Databasescited by 0
- 2026RDP LoRA: Geometry-Driven Identification for Parameter-Efficient Adaptation in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Good Agentic Friends Do Not Just Give Verbal Advice: They Can Update Your Weightscited by 0
- 2026Combining Hierarchical Cognitive Process with Process Supervision for Interpretable Scene Safety Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Train Together or Merge Later? Unifying VLA Experts via a Shared Action Interfacecited by 0
- 2026Learning to Predict Distributions over Weight Updates for Test-Time Adaptationcited by 0
- 2026Learning to Predict Distributions over Weight Updates for Test-Time Adaptation1 Oct 2026
- 2026Train Together or Merge Later? Unifying VLA Experts via a Shared Action Interface27 Sep 2026
- 2026Combining Hierarchical Cognitive Process with Process Supervision for Interpretable Scene Safety Understanding22 Sep 2026
- 2026From Parameters to Behaviors: A Survey of Model Fusion for Large Language Models17 Sep 2026
- 2026SSR-Merge: Subspace Signal Routing for Training-Free LoRA Merging in Diffusion Models9 Jun 2026
- 2026Compress then Merge: From Multiple LoRAs into One Low-Rank Adapter2 Jun 2026
- 2026Good Agentic Friends Do Not Just Give Verbal Advice: They Can Update Your Weights13 May 2026
- 2026HELLoRA: Hot Experts Layer-Level Low-Rank Adaptation for Mixture-of-Experts Models11 May 2026
- 2026RDP LoRA: Geometry-Driven Identification for Parameter-Efficient Adaptation in Large Language Models21 Apr 2026
- 2026ReMix: Reinforcement routing for mixtures of LoRAs in LLM finetuning10 Mar 2026
- 2026Task-Aware LoRA Adapter Composition via Similarity Retrieval in Vector Databases1 Feb 2026
- 2025qa-FLoRA: Data-free query-adaptive Fusion of LoRAs for LLMs12 Dec 2025
27 more
- 2025LoRA on the Go: Instance-level Dynamic LoRA Selection and Merging10 Nov 2025
- 2025SAMora: Enhancing SAM through Hierarchical Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Medical Images9 Nov 2025
- 2025Rethinking Inter-LoRA Orthogonality in Adapter Merging: Insights from Orthogonal Monte Carlo Dropout26 Sep 2025
- 2025Black-box Model Merging for Language-Model-as-a-Service with Massive Model Repositories16 Sep 2025
- 2025ICM-Fusion: In-Context Meta-Optimized LoRA Fusion for Multi-Task Adaptation6 Aug 2025
- 2025Unlock the Potential of Fine-grained LLM Serving via Dynamic Module Scaling24 Jul 2025
- 2025FedRPCA: Enhancing Federated LoRA Aggregation Using Robust PCA1 Jun 2025
- 2025Adaptive LoRA Merge with Parameter Pruning for Low-Resource Generation30 May 2025
- 2025Why Do More Experts Fail? A Theoretical Analysis of Model Merging27 May 2025
- 2025MINGLE: Mixture of Null-Space Gated Low-Rank Experts for Test-Time Continual Model Merging17 May 2025
- 2025LoRI: Reducing Cross-Task Interference in Multi-Task Low-Rank Adaptation10 Apr 2025
- 2025FedMerge: Federated Personalization via Model Merging9 Apr 2025
- 2025LongDPO: Unlock Better Long-form Generation Abilities for LLMs via Critique-augmented Stepwise Information4 Feb 2025
- 2025CITER: Collaborative Inference for Efficient Large Language Model Decoding with Token-Level Routing4 Feb 2025
- 2024Low-Rank Adaptation for Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Review31 Dec 2024
- 2024Glider: Global and Local Instruction-Driven Expert Router9 Oct 2024
- 2024Merging LoRAs like Playing LEGO: Pushing the Modularity of LoRA to Extremes Through Rank-Wise Clustering24 Sep 2024
- 2024Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunities14 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey on Model MoErging: Recycling and Routing Among Specialized Experts for Collaborative Learning13 Aug 2024
- 2024Expressive and Generalizable Low-rank Adaptation for Large Models via Slow Cascaded Learning1 Jul 2024
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Mixture of LoRA Experts for Uploadable Machine Learning24 Jun 2024
- 2024MiLoRA: Harnessing Minor Singular Components for Parameter-Efficient LLM Finetuning13 Jun 2024
- 2024Delta-CoMe: Training-Free Delta-Compression with Mixed-Precision for Large Language Models13 Jun 2024
- 2024Stylus: Automatic Adapter Selection for Diffusion Models29 Apr 2024
- 2024DAM: Dynamic Adapter Merging for Continual Video QA Learning13 Mar 2024
- 2024Matrix-Transformation Based Low-Rank Adaptation (MTLoRA): A Brain-Inspired Method for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning12 Mar 2024
- 2024LoRATK: LoRA Once, Backdoor Everywhere in the Share-and-Play Ecosystem29 Feb 2024
- 2024Model Merging in LLMs, MLLMs, and Beyond: Methods, Theories, Applications and Opportunitiescited by 247
- 2024MiLoRA: Harnessing Minor Singular Components for Parameter-Efficient LLM Finetuningcited by 89
- 2024Merging LoRAs like Playing LEGO: Pushing the Modularity of LoRA to Extremes Through Rank-Wise Clusteringcited by 58
- 2024A Survey on Model MoErging: Recycling and Routing Among Specialized Experts for Collaborative Learningcited by 52
- 2024Low-Rank Adaptation for Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 35
- 2025CITER: Collaborative Inference for Efficient Large Language Model Decoding with Token-Level Routingcited by 29
- 2024LoRATK: LoRA Once, Backdoor Everywhere in the Share-and-Play Ecosystemcited by 22
- 2024DAM: Dynamic Adapter Merging for Continual Video QA Learningcited by 18
- 2025LoRI: Reducing Cross-Task Interference in Multi-Task Low-Rank Adaptationcited by 18
- 2024Delta-CoMe: Training-Free Delta-Compression with Mixed-Precision for Large Language Modelscited by 17
- 2025MINGLE: Mixture of Null-Space Gated Low-Rank Experts for Test-Time Continual Model Mergingcited by 14
- 2025LongDPO: Unlock Better Long-form Generation Abilities for LLMs via Critique-augmented Stepwise Informationcited by 8
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026Learning to Predict Distributions over Weight Updates for Test-Time Adaptation1 Oct 2026
- 2026Combining Hierarchical Cognitive Process with Process Supervision for Interpretable Scene Safety Understanding22 Sep 2026
- 2026From Parameters to Behaviors: A Survey of Model Fusion for Large Language Models17 Sep 2026
- 2026Compress then Merge: From Multiple LoRAs into One Low-Rank Adapter2 Jun 2026
- 2026RDP LoRA: Geometry-Driven Identification for Parameter-Efficient Adaptation in Large Language Models21 Apr 2026
- 2026ReMix: Reinforcement routing for mixtures of LoRAs in LLM finetuning10 Mar 2026
- 2026Task-Aware LoRA Adapter Composition via Similarity Retrieval in Vector Databases1 Feb 2026
- 2025qa-FLoRA: Data-free query-adaptive Fusion of LoRAs for LLMs12 Dec 2025
- 2025LoRA on the Go: Instance-level Dynamic LoRA Selection and Merging10 Nov 2025
- 2025SAMora: Enhancing SAM through Hierarchical Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Medical Images9 Nov 2025
- 2025Rethinking Inter-LoRA Orthogonality in Adapter Merging: Insights from Orthogonal Monte Carlo Dropout26 Sep 2025
- 2025Black-box Model Merging for Language-Model-as-a-Service with Massive Model Repositories16 Sep 2025
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)