mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Few-Shot Learning with Uncertainty-based Quadruplet Selection for Interference Classification in GNSS Data

arXiv 2402.09466 ↗First posted 9 Feb 2024eess.SP cs.CV eess.IVcited by 12

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Abstract (arXiv)

Jamming devices pose a significant threat by disrupting signals from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), compromising the robustness of accurate positioning. Detecting anomalies in frequency snapshots is crucial to counteract these interferences effectively. The ability to adapt to diverse, unseen interference characteristics is essential for ensuring the reliability of GNSS in real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a few-shot learning (FSL) approach to adapt to new interference classes. Our method employs quadruplet selection for the model to learn representations using various positive and negative interference classes. Furthermore, our quadruplet variant selects pairs based on the aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty to differentiate between similar classes. We recorded a dataset at a motorway with eight interference classes on which our FSL method with quadruplet loss outperforms other FSL techniques in jammer classification accuracy with 97.66%. Dataset available at: https://gitlab.cc-asp.fraunhofer.de/darcy_gnss/FIOT_highway

Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Feb 2024.

Builds on

25 of 51 references.

References · 25

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  4. 2017Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learningcited by 3,001
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  12. 2020Enhancing Graph Neural Network-based Fraud Detectors against Camouflaged Fraudsterscited by 248
13 more
  1. 2019SimpleShot: Revisiting Nearest-Neighbor Classification for Few-Shot Learningcited by 194
  2. 2017Beyond triplet loss: a deep quadruplet network for person re-identificationcited by 172
  3. 2022A Comprehensive Survey of Few-shot Learning: Evolution, Applications, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 162
  4. 2019Prototype Rectification for Few-Shot Learningcited by 96
  5. 2020Laplacian Regularized Few-Shot Learningcited by 90
  6. 2020Exploiting Sample Uncertainty for Domain Adaptive Person Re-Identificationcited by 50
  7. 2023A Closer Look at Few-shot Classification Againcited by 46
  8. 2020Bayesian Triplet Loss: Uncertainty Quantification in Image Retrievalcited by 31
  9. 2019A Theoretically Sound Upper Bound on the Triplet Loss for Improving the Efficiency of Deep Distance Metric Learningcited by 25
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  12. 2022Auxiliary Cross-Modal Representation Learning with Triplet Loss Functions for Online Handwriting Recognitioncited by 6
  13. 2021Quantifying Predictive Uncertainty in Medical Image Analysis with Deep Kernel Learningcited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.

12 papers.

  1. 2024Bayesian Learning-driven Prototypical Contrastive Loss for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 13
  2. 2024Evaluating ML Robustness in GNSS Interference Classification, Characterization & Localizationcited by 11
  3. 2024Federated Learning with MMD-based Early Stopping for Adaptive GNSS Interference Classificationcited by 7
  4. 2024Achieving Generalization in Orchestrating GNSS Interference Monitoring Stations Through Pseudo-Labelingcited by 6
  5. 2025Evaluation of (Un-)Supervised Machine Learning Methods for GNSS Interference Classification with Real-World Data Discrepanciescited by 5
  6. 2025Multimodal-to-Text Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models Using Feature Embeddings for GNSS Interference Characterizationcited by 4
  7. 2025Attention-Based Fusion of IQ and FFT Spectrograms with AoA Features for GNSS Jammer Localizationcited by 3
  8. 2025VAE-based Feature Disentanglement for Data Augmentation and Compression in Generalized GNSS Interference Classificationcited by 1
  9. 2025GNSS Jammer Direction Finding in Dynamic Scenarios Using an Inertial-based Multi-Antenna Systemcited by 1
  10. 2026GenAI for Energy-Efficient and Interference-Aware Compressed Sensing of GNSS Signals on a Google Edge TPUcited by 1
  11. 2026The S-ICDF Dataset: Sionna-Simulated Dynamic Interference Characterization and Direction Findingcited by 0
  12. 2026SPOC-Net: Single-Primitive Online Composition Network for GNSS Jamming Set Recognitioncited by 0