LLM-driven Imitation of Subrational Behavior : Illusion or Reality?
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Abstract (arXiv)
Modeling subrational agents, such as humans or economic households, is inherently challenging due to the difficulty in calibrating reinforcement learning models or collecting data that involves human subjects. Existing work highlights the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to address complex reasoning tasks and mimic human communication, while simulation using LLMs as agents shows emergent social behaviors, potentially improving our comprehension of human conduct. In this paper, we propose to investigate the use of LLMs to generate synthetic human demonstrations, which are then used to learn subrational agent policies though Imitation Learning. We make an assumption that LLMs can be used as implicit computational models of humans, and propose a framework to use synthetic demonstrations derived from LLMs to model subrational behaviors that are characteristic of humans (e.g., myopic behavior or preference for risk aversion). We experimentally evaluate the ability of our framework to model sub-rationality through four simple scenarios, including the well-researched ultimatum game and marshmallow experiment. To gain confidence in our framework, we are able to replicate well-established findings from prior human studies associated with the above scenarios. We conclude by discussing the potential benefits, challenges and limitations of our framework.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 80 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2024.
Builds on
36 of 80 references.
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
11 papers.
- 2024Large Language Models Assume People are More Rational than We Really arecited by 49
- 2024Toward LLM-Agent-Based Modeling of Transportation Systems: A Conceptual Frameworkcited by 19
- 2025The Effect of State Representation on LLM Agent Behavior in Dynamic Routing Gamescited by 9
- 2025Securing Agentic AI: Threat Modeling and Risk Analysis for Network Monitoring Agentic AI Systemcited by 6
- 2024Lusifer: LLM-based User SImulated Feedback Environment for online Recommender systemscited by 5
- 2024Chat Bankman-Fried: an Exploration of LLM Alignment in Financecited by 5
- 2025Profile-Aware Maneuvering: A Dynamic Multi-Agent System for Robust GAIA Problem Solving by AWorldcited by 5
- 2024BWArea Model: Learning World Model, Inverse Dynamics, and Policy for Controllable Language Generationcited by 3
- 2025LLM Agents Display Human Biases but Exhibit Distinct Learning Patternscited by 3
- 2026Delay-of-Gratification as a Multi-Agent Survival Micro-benchmark for Long-Horizon LLMs: Social Exposure, Personas, and Tool Use Budgetscited by 1
- 2024MultiSurf-GPT: Facilitating Context-Aware Reasoning with Large-Scale Language Models for Multimodal Surface Sensingcited by 0
- 2026Delay-of-Gratification as a Multi-Agent Survival Micro-benchmark for Long-Horizon LLMs: Social Exposure, Personas, and Tool Use Budgets26 Aug 2026
- 2025Profile-Aware Maneuvering: A Dynamic Multi-Agent System for Robust GAIA Problem Solving by AWorld13 Aug 2025
- 2025Securing Agentic AI: Threat Modeling and Risk Analysis for Network Monitoring Agentic AI System12 Aug 2025
- 2025The Effect of State Representation on LLM Agent Behavior in Dynamic Routing Games18 Jun 2025
- 2025LLM Agents Display Human Biases but Exhibit Distinct Learning Patterns13 Mar 2025
- 2024Toward LLM-Agent-Based Modeling of Transportation Systems: A Conceptual Framework9 Dec 2024
- 2024Chat Bankman-Fried: an Exploration of LLM Alignment in Finance1 Nov 2024
- 2024MultiSurf-GPT: Facilitating Context-Aware Reasoning with Large-Scale Language Models for Multimodal Surface Sensing14 Aug 2024
- 2024Large Language Models Assume People are More Rational than We Really are24 Jun 2024
- 2024BWArea Model: Learning World Model, Inverse Dynamics, and Policy for Controllable Language Generation27 May 2024
- 2024Lusifer: LLM-based User SImulated Feedback Environment for online Recommender systems22 May 2024
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- 2026Interpreting and Steering LLM Agents for Social Simulations
- 2024Systematic Biases in LLM Simulations of Debates
- 2025SimBench: Benchmarking the Ability of Large Language Models to Simulate Human Behaviors
- 2024Computational Experiments Meet Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey and Perspective
- 2026Improving Behavioral Alignment in LLM Social Simulations via Context Formation and Navigation