mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Epidemic Modeling with Generative Agents

arXiv 2307.04986 ↗First posted 11 Jul 2023cs.AI cs.MA econ.GNcited by 49

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate

Abstract (arXiv)

This study offers a new paradigm of individual-level modeling to address the grand challenge of incorporating human behavior in epidemic models. Using generative artificial intelligence in an agent-based epidemic model, each agent is empowered to make its own reasonings and decisions via connecting to a large language model such as ChatGPT. Through various simulation experiments, we present compelling evidence that generative agents mimic real-world behaviors such as quarantining when sick and self-isolation when cases rise. Collectively, the agents demonstrate patterns akin to multiple waves observed in recent pandemics followed by an endemic period. Moreover, the agents successfully flatten the epidemic curve. This study creates potential to improve dynamic system modeling by offering a way to represent human brain, reasoning, and decision making.

Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 2 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jul 2023.

Builds on

2 of 26 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior7 Apr

Other references · 1

  1. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of AI-Generated Content (AIGC): A History of Generative AI from GAN to ChatGPTcited by 224

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 8; 2024: 15; 2025: 12; 2026: 14.

49 papers.

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  1. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,242
  2. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,439
  3. 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challengescited by 769
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  5. 2023AutoAgents: A Framework for Automatic Agent Generationcited by 216
  6. 2023Language Agents with Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Play in the Werewolf Gamecited by 152
  7. 2024Empowering Biomedical Discovery with AI Agentscited by 118
  8. 2024Large Language Models as Urban Residents: An LLM Agent Framework for Personal Mobility Generationcited by 100
  9. 2024From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agentscited by 82
  10. 2025Do as We Do, Not as You Think: the Conformity of Large Language Modelscited by 53
  11. 2026A Survey of Agentic Reasoning for Large Language Models: Towards Recursively Self-Improving and Collective Agentscited by 50
  12. 2025Generative to Agentic AI: Survey, Conceptualization, and Challengescited by 33
37 more
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  2. 2025Do Large Language Models Solve the Problems of Agent-Based Modeling? A Critical Review of Generative Social Simulationscited by 28
  3. 2023Learning to Break: Knowledge-Enhanced Reasoning in Multi-Agent Debate Systemcited by 26
  4. 2024Agent-Based Modelling Meets Generative AI in Social Network Simulationscited by 26
  5. 2024AgentLens: Visual Analysis for Agent Behaviors in LLM-based Autonomous Systemscited by 23
  6. 2023Simulating Public Administration Crisis: A Novel Generative Agent-Based Simulation System to Lower Technology Barriers in Social Science Researchcited by 21
  7. 2024Simulating Human Strategic Behavior: Comparing Single and Multi-agent LLMscited by 21
  8. 2023Generative Agent-Based Modeling: Unveiling Social System Dynamics through Coupling Mechanistic Models with Generative Artificial Intelligencecited by 19
  9. 2024Toward LLM-Agent-Based Modeling of Transportation Systems: A Conceptual Frameworkcited by 19
  10. 2024MineLand: Simulating Large-Scale Multi-Agent Interactions with Limited Multimodal Senses and Physical Needscited by 18
  11. 2025Can A Society of Generative Agents Simulate Human Behavior and Inform Public Health Policy? A Case Study on Vaccine Hesitancycited by 17
  12. 2024A Survey on Human-Centric LLMscited by 13
  13. 2024LLM-driven Imitation of Subrational Behavior : Illusion or Reality?cited by 12
  14. 2024Computational Experiments Meet Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey and Perspectivecited by 11
  15. 2025Can Generative AI agents behave like humans? Evidence from laboratory market experimentscited by 10
  16. 2025Stop Reducing Responsibility in LLM-Powered Multi-Agent Systems to Local Alignmentcited by 7
  17. 2025LLM-ABM for Transportation: Assessing the Potential of LLM Agents in System Analysiscited by 6
  18. 2025StoryBox: Collaborative Multi-Agent Simulation for Hybrid Bottom-Up Long-Form Story Generation Using Large Language Modelscited by 4
  19. 2026AI Agents as Policymakers in Simulated Epidemicscited by 4
  20. 2025Carbon and Silicon, Coexist or Compete? A Survey on Human-AI Interactions in Agent-based Modeling and Simulationcited by 3
  21. 2026How Well Can LLM Agents Simulate End-User Security and Privacy Attitudes and Behaviors?cited by 3
  22. 2026AI Agents Alone Are Not (Yet) Sufficient for Social Simulationcited by 3
  23. 2024Exploring the Potential of Conversational AI Support for Agent-Based Social Simulation Model Designcited by 2
  24. 2024Designing Reliable Experiments with Generative Agent-Based Modeling: A Comprehensive Guide Using Concordia by Google DeepMindcited by 2
  25. 2025Infected Smallville: How Disease Threat Shapes Sociality in LLM Agentscited by 2
  26. 2025Negotiating Comfort: Simulating Personality-Driven LLM Agents in Shared Residential Social Networkscited by 2
  27. 2025LLM-Guided Reinforcement Learning with Representative Agents for Traffic Modelingcited by 2
  28. 2026The Effects of Visual Priming on Cooperative Behavior in Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
  29. 2026The Granularity Axis: A Micro-to-Macro Latent Direction for Social Roles in Language Modelscited by 0
  30. 2026LLM Agents Make Collective Belief Dynamics Programmable: Challenges and Research Directionscited by 0
  31. 2026The Epi-LLM Framework: probing LLM behavioral priors through epidemiological agent-based modelscited by 0
  32. 2026Generating Public Health Responses using Survey-Augmented Large Language Modelscited by 0
  33. 2026Is Lying an Emergent Behaviour in LLMs? Evidence from Gaslighting AI agents in a Sustainability Gamecited by 0
  34. 2026LLM-powered reasoning in agent-based modelingcited by 0
  35. 2026How Affect Propagates among LLM Agents: Emergent Emotional Contagion in Crowd Simulationcited by 0
  36. 2026Poor Man's Agentic Modeling: Simulating Large LLM-Agent Societies on a Laptopcited by 0
  37. 2026Prompt Sensitivity of Generative Agents: Evidence from an Epidemic Modelcited by 0

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  5. 2026ABM-UDE: Developing Surrogates for Epidemic Agent-Based Models via Scientific Machine Learning
  6. 2024On the limits of agency in agent-based models
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  8. 2025Simulating Society Requires Simulating Thought