mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

AMEND: A Mixture of Experts Framework for Long-tailed Trajectory Prediction

arXiv 2402.08698 ↗First posted 13 Feb 2024cs.CV cs.LG cs.ROcited by 4

On the map: Mixture-of-experts → MoE for time series and graphs

Abstract (arXiv)

Accurate prediction of pedestrians' future motions is critical for intelligent driving systems. Developing models for this task requires rich datasets containing diverse sets of samples. However, the existing naturalistic trajectory prediction datasets are generally imbalanced in favor of simpler samples and lack challenging scenarios. Such a long-tail effect causes prediction models to underperform on the tail portion of the data distribution containing safety-critical scenarios. Previous methods tackle the long-tail problem using methods such as contrastive learning and class-conditioned hypernetworks. These approaches, however, are not modular and cannot be applied to many machine learning architectures. In this work, we propose a modular model-agnostic framework for trajectory prediction that leverages a specialized mixture of experts. In our approach, each expert is trained with a specialized skill with respect to a particular part of the data. To produce predictions, we utilise a router network that selects the best expert by generating relative confidence scores. We conduct experimentation on common pedestrian trajectory prediction datasets and show that our method improves performance on long-tail scenarios. We further conduct ablation studies to highlight the contribution of different proposed components.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MoE for time series and graphs, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 26 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2024.

Builds on

26 of 38 references.

References · 26

  1. 2017Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layercited by 3,413
  2. 2016HyperNetworkscited by 1,003
  3. 2022Mixture-of-Experts with Expert Choice Routingcited by 611
  4. 2020Long-tail learning via logit adjustmentcited by 605
  5. 2021Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Surveycited by 416
  6. 2021AgentFormer: Agent-Aware Transformers for Socio-Temporal Multi-Agent Forecastingcited by 327
  7. 2022Motion Transformer with Global Intention Localization and Local Movement Refinementcited by 267
  8. 2022Stochastic Trajectory Prediction via Motion Indeterminacy Diffusioncited by 184
  9. 2020From Goals, Waypoints & Paths To Long Term Human Trajectory Forecastingcited by 166
  10. 2021Generating Useful Accident-Prone Driving Scenarios via a Learned Traffic Priorcited by 136
  11. 2023Leapfrog Diffusion Model for Stochastic Trajectory Predictioncited by 129
  12. 2021SGCN:Sparse Graph Convolution Network for Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 97
14 more
  1. 2023EqMotion: Equivariant Multi-agent Motion Prediction with Invariant Interaction Reasoningcited by 97
  2. 2021Self-Supervised Aggregation of Diverse Experts for Test-Agnostic Long-Tailed Recognitioncited by 95
  3. 2022Human Trajectory Prediction via Neural Social Physicscited by 66
  4. 2021MG-GAN: A Multi-Generator Model Preventing Out-of-Distribution Samples in Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 61
  5. 2021On Exposing the Challenging Long Tail in Future Prediction of Traffic Actorscited by 48
  6. 2020Bifold and Semantic Reasoning for Pedestrian Behavior Predictioncited by 31
  7. 2023FEND: A Future Enhanced Distribution-Aware Contrastive Learning Framework for Long-tail Trajectory Predictioncited by 31
  8. 2022PedFormer: Pedestrian Behavior Prediction via Cross-Modal Attention Modulation and Gated Multitask Learningcited by 23
  9. 2022LatentFormer: Multi-Agent Transformer-Based Interaction Modeling and Trajectory Predictioncited by 19
  10. 2023IPCC-TP: Utilizing Incremental Pearson Correlation Coefficient for Joint Multi-Agent Trajectory Predictioncited by 13
  11. 2023A Novel Benchmarking Paradigm and a Scale- and Motion-Aware Model for Egocentric Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 12
  12. 2023MGTR: Multi-Granular Transformer for Motion Prediction with LiDARcited by 9
  13. 2023DESTINE: Dynamic Goal Queries with Temporal Transductive Alignment for Trajectory Predictioncited by 5
  14. 2022Meta-path Analysis on Spatio-Temporal Graphs for Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 4

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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3.

4 papers.

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  1. 2022Long-Tail Prediction Uncertainty Aware Trajectory Planning for Self-driving Vehicles
  2. 2025ViTE: Virtual Graph Trajectory Expert Router for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction
  3. 2023Navigating Uncertainty: The Role of Short-Term Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Vehicle Safety
  4. 2023A Novel Temporal Multi-Gate Mixture-of-Experts Approach for Vehicle Trajectory and Driving Intention Prediction
  5. 2025Large Foundation Models for Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey
  6. 2022PreTR: Spatio-Temporal Non-Autoregressive Trajectory Prediction Transformer
  7. 2025Diffusion^2: Dual Diffusion Model with Uncertainty-Aware Adaptive Noise for Momentary Trajectory Prediction
  8. 2018An LSTM Network for Highway Trajectory Prediction