Pix2Code: Learning to Compose Neural Visual Concepts as Programs
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Abstract (arXiv)
The challenge in learning abstract concepts from images in an unsupervised fashion lies in the required integration of visual perception and generalizable relational reasoning. Moreover, the unsupervised nature of this task makes it necessary for human users to be able to understand a model's learnt concepts and potentially revise false behaviours. To tackle both the generalizability and interpretability constraints of visual concept learning, we propose Pix2Code, a framework that extends program synthesis to visual relational reasoning by utilizing the abilities of both explicit, compositional symbolic and implicit neural representations. This is achieved by retrieving object representations from images and synthesizing relational concepts as lambda-calculus programs. We evaluate the diverse properties of Pix2Code on the challenging reasoning domains, Kandinsky Patterns and CURI, thereby testing its ability to identify compositional visual concepts that generalize to novel data and concept configurations. Particularly, in stark contrast to neural approaches, we show that Pix2Code's representations remain human interpretable and can be easily revised for improved performance.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2024.
Builds on
33 of 57 references.
References · 33
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21 more
- 2016Neuro-Symbolic Program Synthesiscited by 84
- 2020Learning Compositional Rules via Neural Program Synthesiscited by 74
- 2021CCVS: Context-aware Controllable Video Synthesiscited by 68
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 7; 2026: 4.
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- 2025Synthesizing Visual Concepts as Vision-Language Programs24 Nov 2025
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- 2025ArtifactsBench: Bridging the Visual-Interactive Gap in LLM Code Generation Evaluation7 Jul 2025
- 2025Fodor and Pylyshyn's Legacy: Still No Human-like Systematic Compositionality in Neural Networks2 Jun 2025
- 2025Object Centric Concept Bottlenecks30 May 2025
- 2025Talking Back -- human input and explanations to interactive AI systems6 Mar 2025
- 2025Shortcuts and Identifiability in Concept-based Models from a Neuro-Symbolic Lens16 Feb 2025
- 2024Interpretable end-to-end Neurosymbolic Reinforcement Learning agents18 Oct 2024
- 2024OCALM: Object-Centric Assessment with Language Models24 Jun 2024
- 2024Synthesizing Programmatic Reinforcement Learning Policies with Large Language Model Guided Search26 May 2024
- 2024Interpretable and Editable Programmatic Tree Policies for Reinforcement Learning23 May 2024