Low-Resource Counterspeech Generation for Indic Languages: The Case of Bengali and Hindi
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Abstract (arXiv)
With the rise of online abuse, the NLP community has begun investigating the use of neural architectures to generate counterspeech that can "counter" the vicious tone of such abusive speech and dilute/ameliorate their rippling effect over the social network. However, most of the efforts so far have been primarily focused on English. To bridge the gap for low-resource languages such as Bengali and Hindi, we create a benchmark dataset of 5,062 abusive speech/counterspeech pairs, of which 2,460 pairs are in Bengali and 2,602 pairs are in Hindi. We implement several baseline models considering various interlingual transfer mechanisms with different configurations to generate suitable counterspeech to set up an effective benchmark. We observe that the monolingual setup yields the best performance. Further, using synthetic transfer, language models can generate counterspeech to some extent; specifically, we notice that transferability is better when languages belong to the same language family.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Feb 2024.
Builds on
21 of 48 references.
References · 21
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9 more
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- 2021Generate, Prune, Select: A Pipeline for Counterspeech Generation against Online Hate Speechcited by 42
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2025Bhaasha, Bhasa, Zaban: A Survey for Low-Resourced Languages in South Asia -- Current Stage and Challengescited by 6
- 2024A Survey on Automatic Online Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languagescited by 2
- 2026Multilingual Hate Speech Detection and Counterspeech Generation: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guidecited by 1
- 2025SMAB: MAB based word Sensitivity Estimation Framework and its Applications in Adversarial Text Generationcited by 0
- 2025Can NLP Tackle Hate Speech in the Real World? Stakeholder-Informed Feedback and Survey on Counterspeechcited by 0
- 2026Multilingual Hate Speech Detection and Counterspeech Generation: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guide1 Mar 2026
- 2025Bhaasha, Bhasa, Zaban: A Survey for Low-Resourced Languages in South Asia -- Current Stage and Challenges15 Sep 2025
- 2025Can NLP Tackle Hate Speech in the Real World? Stakeholder-Informed Feedback and Survey on Counterspeech6 Aug 2025
- 2025SMAB: MAB based word Sensitivity Estimation Framework and its Applications in Adversarial Text Generation10 Feb 2025
- 2024A Survey on Automatic Online Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Languages28 Nov 2024