Machine Mindset: An MBTI Exploration of Large Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a novel approach for integrating Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality traits into large language models (LLMs), addressing the challenges of personality consistency in personalized AI. Our method, "Machine Mindset," involves a two-phase fine-tuning and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to embed MBTI traits into LLMs. This approach ensures that models internalize these traits, offering a stable and consistent personality profile. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our models across various domains, showing alignment between model performance and their respective MBTI traits. The paper highlights significant contributions in the development of personality datasets and a new training methodology for personality integration in LLMs, enhancing the potential for personalized AI applications. We also open-sourced our model and part of the data at urlhttps://github.com/PKU-YuanGroup/Machine-Mindset.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 8 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Dec 2023.
Builds on
6 of 8 references.
References · 6
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
- 2023C-Eval: A Multi-Level Multi-Discipline Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Modelscited by 708
- 2023Instruction Tuning with GPT-4cited by 686
- 2023Chatlaw: A Multi-Agent Legal Assistant based on a Role-Aligned Mixture-of-Experts Architecturecited by 122
- 2023Can ChatGPT Assess Human Personalities? A General Evaluation Frameworkcited by 70
- 2023Do LLMs Possess a Personality? Making the MBTI Test an Amazing Evaluation for Large Language Modelscited by 56
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 4.
10 papers.
- 2024BIG5-CHAT: Shaping LLM Personalities Through Training on Human-Grounded Datacited by 50
- 2024Evaluating Large Language Models with Psychometricscited by 22
- 2024The Better Angels of Machine Personality: How Personality Relates to LLM Safetycited by 21
- 2026PERSONA: Dynamic and Compositional Inference-Time Personality Control via Activation Vector Algebracited by 12
- 2025Bullying the Machine: How Personas Increase LLM Vulnerabilitycited by 9
- 2024PsyDI: Towards a Personalized and Progressively In-depth Chatbot for Psychological Measurementscited by 5
- 2025PsyMem: Fine-grained psychological alignment and Explicit Memory Control for Advanced Role-Playing LLMscited by 5
- 2026Your Language Model Secretly Contains Personality Subnetworkscited by 5
- 2026Structured Personality Control and Adaptation for LLM Agentscited by 1
- 2026Beyond Refusal Patterns: Safe-Role Internalization for Robust and Generalizable LLM Safety Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Refusal Patterns: Safe-Role Internalization for Robust and Generalizable LLM Safety Alignment4 Oct 2026
- 2026PERSONA: Dynamic and Compositional Inference-Time Personality Control via Activation Vector Algebra17 Feb 2026
- 2026Your Language Model Secretly Contains Personality Subnetworks6 Feb 2026
- 2026Structured Personality Control and Adaptation for LLM Agents15 Jan 2026
- 2025PsyMem: Fine-grained psychological alignment and Explicit Memory Control for Advanced Role-Playing LLMs19 May 2025
- 2025Bullying the Machine: How Personas Increase LLM Vulnerability19 May 2025
- 2024BIG5-CHAT: Shaping LLM Personalities Through Training on Human-Grounded Data21 Oct 2024
- 2024PsyDI: Towards a Personalized and Progressively In-depth Chatbot for Psychological Measurements22 Jul 2024
- 2024The Better Angels of Machine Personality: How Personality Relates to LLM Safety17 Jul 2024
- 2024Evaluating Large Language Models with Psychometrics25 Jun 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026When Personality Meets Quantization: A Layer-wise MBTI Analysis of Quantized LLMs
- 2023PersonaLLM: Investigating the Ability of Large Language Models to Express Personality Traits
- 2024P-React: Synthesizing Topic-Adaptive Reactions of Personality Traits via Mixture of Specialized LoRA Experts
- 2026From Classification to Ranking: Enhancing LLM Reasoning Capabilities for MBTI Personality Detection
- 2025Beyond BFI: The CSI for Enhanced Reliability and Validity in Evaluating LLM Personality Traits
- 2025From Post To Personality: Harnessing LLMs for MBTI Prediction in Social Media
- 2024Open Models, Closed Minds? On Agents Capabilities in Mimicking Human Personalities through Open Large Language Models
- 2026PTCBENCH: Benchmarking Contextual Stability of Personality Traits in LLM Systems