mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SC-MoE: Switch Conformer Mixture of Experts for Unified Streaming and Non-streaming Code-Switching ASR

arXiv 2406.18021 ↗First posted 26 Jun 2024cs.SD cs.LG eess.AScited by 6

On the map: Mixture-of-experts → Multimodal MoE models

Abstract (arXiv)

In this work, we propose a Switch-Conformer-based MoE system named SC-MoE for unified streaming and non-streaming code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR), where we design a streaming MoE layer consisting of three language experts, which correspond to Mandarin, English, and blank, respectively, and equipped with a language identification (LID) network with a Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss as a router in the encoder of SC-MoE to achieve a real-time streaming CS ASR system. To further utilize the language information embedded in text, we also incorporate MoE layers into the decoder of SC-MoE. In addition, we introduce routers into every MoE layer of the encoder and the decoder and achieve better recognition performance. Experimental results show that the SC-MoE significantly improves CS ASR performances over baseline with comparable computational efficiency.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal MoE models, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 20 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2024.

Builds on

20 of 30 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023BA-MoE: Boundary-Aware Mixture-of-Experts Adapter for Code-Switching Speech Recognition4 Oct
  2. 2023LAE-ST-MoE: Boosted Language-Aware Encoder Using Speech Translation Auxiliary Task for E2E Code-switching ASR28 Sep
  3. 2023Language-Routing Mixture of Experts for Multilingual and Code-Switching Speech Recognition12 Jul
  4. 2023Mixture-of-Expert Conformer for Streaming Multilingual ASR25 May

Other references · 16

  1. 2021Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsitycited by 3,014
  2. 2020Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognitioncited by 1,838
  3. 2019SpecAugment: A Simple Data Augmentation Method for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 1,355
  4. 2021WeNet: Production oriented Streaming and Non-streaming End-to-End Speech Recognition Toolkitcited by 123
  5. 2020The ASRU 2019 Mandarin-English Code-Switching Speech Recognition Challenge: Open Datasets, Tracks, Methods and Resultscited by 43
  6. 2023MoLE : Mixture of Language Experts for Multi-Lingual Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 31
  7. 2021From Machine Translation to Code-Switching: Generating High-Quality Code-Switched Textcited by 29
  8. 2020Multi-Encoder-Decoder Transformer for Code-Switching Speech Recognitioncited by 28
  9. 2021U2++: Unified Two-pass Bidirectional End-to-end Model for Speech Recognitioncited by 28
  10. 2022Reducing Language confusion for Code-switching Speech Recognition with Token-level Language Diarizationcited by 28
  11. 2022LAE: Language-Aware Encoder for Monolingual and Multilingual ASRcited by 21
  12. 2020Data Augmentation for End-to-end Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 20
4 more
  1. 2022Language-specific Characteristic Assistance for Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 20
  2. 2023Multilingual self-supervised speech representations improve the speech recognition of low-resource African languages with codeswitchingcited by 11
  3. 2023Code-Switching Text Generation and Injection in Mandarin-English ASRcited by 10
  4. 2023Adapting the adapters for code-switching in multilingual ASRcited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Dynamic Language Group-Based MoE: Enhancing Code-Switching Speech Recognition with Hierarchical Routing
  2. 2021Building a great multi-lingual teacher with sparsely-gated mixture of experts for speech recognition
  3. 2024Mamba for Streaming ASR Combined with Unimodal Aggregation
  4. 2024An Effective Mixture-Of-Experts Approach For Code-Switching Speech Recognition Leveraging Encoder Disentanglement
  5. 2026Qwen-Audio-3.0-ASR Technical Report
  6. 2026Dynamic Multi-Expert Projectors with Stabilized Routing for Multilingual Speech Recognition
  7. 2024Enhancing Code-Switching Speech Recognition with LID-Based Collaborative Mixture of Experts Model
  8. 2021SpeechMoE: Scaling to Large Acoustic Models with Dynamic Routing Mixture of Experts