SC-MoE: Switch Conformer Mixture of Experts for Unified Streaming and Non-streaming Code-Switching ASR
On the map: Mixture-of-experts → Multimodal MoE models
Abstract (arXiv)
In this work, we propose a Switch-Conformer-based MoE system named SC-MoE for unified streaming and non-streaming code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR), where we design a streaming MoE layer consisting of three language experts, which correspond to Mandarin, English, and blank, respectively, and equipped with a language identification (LID) network with a Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss as a router in the encoder of SC-MoE to achieve a real-time streaming CS ASR system. To further utilize the language information embedded in text, we also incorporate MoE layers into the decoder of SC-MoE. In addition, we introduce routers into every MoE layer of the encoder and the decoder and achieve better recognition performance. Experimental results show that the SC-MoE significantly improves CS ASR performances over baseline with comparable computational efficiency.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal MoE models, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 20 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2024.
Builds on
20 of 30 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2023BA-MoE: Boundary-Aware Mixture-of-Experts Adapter for Code-Switching Speech Recognition4 Oct
- 2023LAE-ST-MoE: Boosted Language-Aware Encoder Using Speech Translation Auxiliary Task for E2E Code-switching ASR28 Sep
- 2023Language-Routing Mixture of Experts for Multilingual and Code-Switching Speech Recognition12 Jul
- 2023Mixture-of-Expert Conformer for Streaming Multilingual ASR25 May
Other references · 16
- 2021Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsitycited by 3,014
- 2020Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognitioncited by 1,838
- 2019SpecAugment: A Simple Data Augmentation Method for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 1,355
- 2021WeNet: Production oriented Streaming and Non-streaming End-to-End Speech Recognition Toolkitcited by 123
- 2020The ASRU 2019 Mandarin-English Code-Switching Speech Recognition Challenge: Open Datasets, Tracks, Methods and Resultscited by 43
- 2023MoLE : Mixture of Language Experts for Multi-Lingual Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 31
- 2021From Machine Translation to Code-Switching: Generating High-Quality Code-Switched Textcited by 29
- 2020Multi-Encoder-Decoder Transformer for Code-Switching Speech Recognitioncited by 28
- 2021U2++: Unified Two-pass Bidirectional End-to-end Model for Speech Recognitioncited by 28
- 2022Reducing Language confusion for Code-switching Speech Recognition with Token-level Language Diarizationcited by 28
- 2022LAE: Language-Aware Encoder for Monolingual and Multilingual ASRcited by 21
- 2020Data Augmentation for End-to-end Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 20
4 more
- 2022Language-specific Characteristic Assistance for Code-switching Speech Recognitioncited by 20
- 2023Multilingual self-supervised speech representations improve the speech recognition of low-resource African languages with codeswitchingcited by 11
- 2023Code-Switching Text Generation and Injection in Mandarin-English ASRcited by 10
- 2023Adapting the adapters for code-switching in multilingual ASRcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
6 papers.
- 2025PIER: A Novel Metric for Evaluating What Matters in Code-Switchingcited by 11
- 2024Boosting Code-Switching ASR with Mixture of Experts Enhanced Speech-Conditioned LLMcited by 9
- 2024CAMEL: Cross-Attention Enhanced Mixture-of-Experts and Language Bias for Code-Switching Speech Recognitioncited by 3
- 2026Direct Preference Optimization for English-Mandarin Code-Switching Speech Recognition in Audio LLMscited by 2
- 2026Enhancing Multilingual LLM-based ASR with Mixture of Experts and Dynamic Downsamplingcited by 2
- 2025SHNU Multilingual Conversational Speech Recognition System for INTERSPEECH 2025 MLC-SLM Challengecited by 1
- 2026Enhancing Multilingual LLM-based ASR with Mixture of Experts and Dynamic Downsampling9 Jun 2026
- 2026Direct Preference Optimization for English-Mandarin Code-Switching Speech Recognition in Audio LLMs13 May 2026
- 2025SHNU Multilingual Conversational Speech Recognition System for INTERSPEECH 2025 MLC-SLM Challenge4 Jul 2025
- 2025PIER: A Novel Metric for Evaluating What Matters in Code-Switching16 Jan 2025
- 2024CAMEL: Cross-Attention Enhanced Mixture-of-Experts and Language Bias for Code-Switching Speech Recognition17 Dec 2024
- 2024Boosting Code-Switching ASR with Mixture of Experts Enhanced Speech-Conditioned LLM24 Sep 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Dynamic Language Group-Based MoE: Enhancing Code-Switching Speech Recognition with Hierarchical Routing
- 2021Building a great multi-lingual teacher with sparsely-gated mixture of experts for speech recognition
- 2024Mamba for Streaming ASR Combined with Unimodal Aggregation
- 2024An Effective Mixture-Of-Experts Approach For Code-Switching Speech Recognition Leveraging Encoder Disentanglement
- 2026Qwen-Audio-3.0-ASR Technical Report
- 2026Dynamic Multi-Expert Projectors with Stabilized Routing for Multilingual Speech Recognition
- 2024Enhancing Code-Switching Speech Recognition with LID-Based Collaborative Mixture of Experts Model
- 2021SpeechMoE: Scaling to Large Acoustic Models with Dynamic Routing Mixture of Experts