High-fidelity Person-centric Subject-to-Image Synthesis
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
Current subject-driven image generation methods encounter significant challenges in person-centric image generation. The reason is that they learn the semantic scene and person generation by fine-tuning a common pre-trained diffusion, which involves an irreconcilable training imbalance. Precisely, to generate realistic persons, they need to sufficiently tune the pre-trained model, which inevitably causes the model to forget the rich semantic scene prior and makes scene generation over-fit to the training data. Moreover, even with sufficient fine-tuning, these methods can still not generate high-fidelity persons since joint learning of the scene and person generation also lead to quality compromise. In this paper, we propose Face-diffuser, an effective collaborative generation pipeline to eliminate the above training imbalance and quality compromise. Specifically, we first develop two specialized pre-trained diffusion models, i.e., Text-driven Diffusion Model (TDM) and Subject-augmented Diffusion Model (SDM), for scene and person generation, respectively. The sampling process is divided into three sequential stages, i.e., semantic scene construction, subject-scene fusion, and subject enhancement. The first and last stages are performed by TDM and SDM respectively. The subject-scene fusion stage, that is the collaboration achieved through a novel and highly effective mechanism, Saliency-adaptive Noise Fusion (SNF). Specifically, it is based on our key observation that there exists a robust link between classifier-free guidance responses and the saliency of generated images. In each time step, SNF leverages the unique strengths of each model and allows for the spatial blending of predicted noises from both models automatically in a saliency-aware manner. Extensive experiments confirm the impressive effectiveness and robustness of the Face-diffuser.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 30 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Nov 2023.
Builds on
30 of 36 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Subject-Diffusion:Open Domain Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-time Fine-tuning21 Jul
- 2023FastComposer: Tuning-Free Multi-Subject Image Generation with Localized Attention17 May
- 2023LayoutDiffusion: Controllable Diffusion Model for Layout-to-image Generation30 Mar
- 2023MagicFusion: Boosting Text-to-Image Generation Performance by Fusing Diffusion Models23 Mar
- 2023Collage Diffusion1 Mar
- 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion8 Dec
- 2022SpaText: Spatio-Textual Representation for Controllable Image Generation25 Nov
- 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation25 Aug
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
Other references · 21
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
- 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
- 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
- 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
- 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
- 2016Joint Face Detection and Alignment using Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 895
- 2021CogView: Mastering Text-to-Image Generation via Transformerscited by 691
- 2023Muse: Text-To-Image Generation via Masked Generative Transformerscited by 640
- 2023Scaling up GANs for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 492
- 2021Pivotal Tuning for Latent-based Editing of Real Imagescited by 427
9 more
- 2023ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 414
- 2023InstantBooth: Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-Time Finetuningcited by 343
- 2023Break-A-Scene: Extracting Multiple Concepts from a Single Imagecited by 230
- 2023Token Merging for Fast Stable Diffusioncited by 220
- 2023Subject-driven Text-to-Image Generation via Apprenticeship Learningcited by 210
- 2022Re-Imagen: Retrieval-Augmented Text-to-Image Generatorcited by 208
- 2023FreeU: Free Lunch in Diffusion U-Netcited by 195
- 2023Key-Locked Rank One Editing for Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 194
- 2023X&Fuse: Fusing Visual Information in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 13; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.
21 papers.
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- 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 82
- 2024MoA: Mixture-of-Attention for Subject-Context Disentanglement in Personalized Image Generationcited by 51
- 2024InstantFamily: Masked Attention for Zero-shot Multi-ID Image Generationcited by 30
- 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 29
- 2024PrimeComposer: Faster Progressively Combined Diffusion for Image Composition with Attention Steeringcited by 20
- 2024Importance-Based Token Merging for Efficient Image and Video Generationcited by 20
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
- 2024DreamText: High Fidelity Scene Text Synthesiscited by 17
- 2025WithAnyone: Towards Controllable and ID Consistent Image Generationcited by 16
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlookcited by 10
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editabilitycited by 10
- 2024Multi-modal Generative AI: Multi-modal LLMs, Diffusions, and the Unificationcited by 8
9 more
- 2024MagicFace: Training-free Universal-Style Human Image Customized Synthesiscited by 7
- 2024Improving Multi-Subject Consistency in Open-Domain Image Generation with Isolation and Reposition Attentioncited by 3
- 2024Foundation Cures Personalization: Improving Personalized Models' Prompt Consistency via Hidden Foundation Knowledgecited by 2
- 2024LocRef-Diffusion:Tuning-Free Layout and Appearance-Guided Generationcited by 1
- 2025TIDE: Achieving Balanced Subject-Driven Image Generation via Target-Instructed Diffusion Enhancementcited by 0
- 2025PairHuman: A High-Fidelity Photographic Dataset for Customized Dual-Person Generationcited by 0
- 2026Visual Personalization Turing Testcited by 0
- 2026AnyPhoto: Multi-Person Identity Preserving Image Generation with ID Adaptive Modulation on Location Canvascited by 0
- 2026Importance-Aware OBS Pruning for Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2026Importance-Aware OBS Pruning for Diffusion Models22 Jul 2026
- 2026AnyPhoto: Multi-Person Identity Preserving Image Generation with ID Adaptive Modulation on Location Canvas16 Mar 2026
- 2026Visual Personalization Turing Test30 Jan 2026
- 2025PairHuman: A High-Fidelity Photographic Dataset for Customized Dual-Person Generation20 Nov 2025
- 2025WithAnyone: Towards Controllable and ID Consistent Image Generation16 Oct 2025
- 2025TIDE: Achieving Balanced Subject-Driven Image Generation via Target-Instructed Diffusion Enhancement8 Sep 2025
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editability9 Mar 2025
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Survey18 Feb 2025
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlook29 Nov 2024
- 2024Improving Multi-Subject Consistency in Open-Domain Image Generation with Isolation and Reposition Attention28 Nov 2024
- 2024Importance-Based Token Merging for Efficient Image and Video Generation23 Nov 2024
- 2024Foundation Cures Personalization: Improving Personalized Models' Prompt Consistency via Hidden Foundation Knowledge22 Nov 2024
9 more
- 2024LocRef-Diffusion:Tuning-Free Layout and Appearance-Guided Generation22 Nov 2024
- 2024Multi-modal Generative AI: Multi-modal LLMs, Diffusions, and the Unification23 Sep 2024
- 2024MagicFace: Training-free Universal-Style Human Image Customized Synthesis14 Aug 2024
- 2024DreamText: High Fidelity Scene Text Synthesis23 May 2024
- 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Models9 May 2024
- 2024InstantFamily: Masked Attention for Zero-shot Multi-ID Image Generation30 Apr 2024
- 2024MoA: Mixture-of-Attention for Subject-Context Disentanglement in Personalized Image Generation17 Apr 2024
- 2024PrimeComposer: Faster Progressively Combined Diffusion for Image Composition with Attention Steering8 Mar 2024
- 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Survey7 Mar 2024
- 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 82
- 2024MoA: Mixture-of-Attention for Subject-Context Disentanglement in Personalized Image Generationcited by 51
- 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 29
- 2024Importance-Based Token Merging for Efficient Image and Video Generationcited by 20
- 2024MagicFace: Training-free Universal-Style Human Image Customized Synthesiscited by 7
- 2024Improving Multi-Subject Consistency in Open-Domain Image Generation with Isolation and Reposition Attentioncited by 3
- 2025TIDE: Achieving Balanced Subject-Driven Image Generation via Target-Instructed Diffusion Enhancementcited by 0
- 2026Importance-Aware OBS Pruning for Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2026Importance-Aware OBS Pruning for Diffusion Models22 Jul 2026
- 2025TIDE: Achieving Balanced Subject-Driven Image Generation via Target-Instructed Diffusion Enhancement8 Sep 2025
- 2024Improving Multi-Subject Consistency in Open-Domain Image Generation with Isolation and Reposition Attention28 Nov 2024
- 2024Importance-Based Token Merging for Efficient Image and Video Generation23 Nov 2024
- 2024MagicFace: Training-free Universal-Style Human Image Customized Synthesis14 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Models9 May 2024
- 2024MoA: Mixture-of-Attention for Subject-Context Disentanglement in Personalized Image Generation17 Apr 2024
- 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Survey7 Mar 2024
- 2024InstantFamily: Masked Attention for Zero-shot Multi-ID Image Generationcited by 30
- 2024PrimeComposer: Faster Progressively Combined Diffusion for Image Composition with Attention Steeringcited by 20
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
- 2024DreamText: High Fidelity Scene Text Synthesiscited by 17
- 2025WithAnyone: Towards Controllable and ID Consistent Image Generationcited by 16
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlookcited by 10
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editabilitycited by 10
- 2024Foundation Cures Personalization: Improving Personalized Models' Prompt Consistency via Hidden Foundation Knowledgecited by 2
- 2024LocRef-Diffusion:Tuning-Free Layout and Appearance-Guided Generationcited by 1
- 2025PairHuman: A High-Fidelity Photographic Dataset for Customized Dual-Person Generationcited by 0
- 2026Visual Personalization Turing Testcited by 0
- 2026AnyPhoto: Multi-Person Identity Preserving Image Generation with ID Adaptive Modulation on Location Canvascited by 0
- 2026AnyPhoto: Multi-Person Identity Preserving Image Generation with ID Adaptive Modulation on Location Canvas16 Mar 2026
- 2026Visual Personalization Turing Test30 Jan 2026
- 2025PairHuman: A High-Fidelity Photographic Dataset for Customized Dual-Person Generation20 Nov 2025
- 2025WithAnyone: Towards Controllable and ID Consistent Image Generation16 Oct 2025
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editability9 Mar 2025
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Survey18 Feb 2025
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlook29 Nov 2024
- 2024Foundation Cures Personalization: Improving Personalized Models' Prompt Consistency via Hidden Foundation Knowledge22 Nov 2024
- 2024LocRef-Diffusion:Tuning-Free Layout and Appearance-Guided Generation22 Nov 2024
- 2024DreamText: High Fidelity Scene Text Synthesis23 May 2024
- 2024InstantFamily: Masked Attention for Zero-shot Multi-ID Image Generation30 Apr 2024
- 2024PrimeComposer: Faster Progressively Combined Diffusion for Image Composition with Attention Steering8 Mar 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024MoLE: Enhancing Human-centric Text-to-image Diffusion via Mixture of Low-rank Experts
- 2024Improving face generation quality and prompt following with synthetic captions
- 2024BeyondScene: Higher-Resolution Human-Centric Scene Generation With Pretrained Diffusion
- 2022Person Image Synthesis via Denoising Diffusion Model
- 2024ComFusion: Personalized Subject Generation in Multiple Specific Scenes From Single Image
- 2025Less-to-More Generalization: Unlocking More Controllability by In-Context Generation
- 2024Towards Effective Usage of Human-Centric Priors in Diffusion Models for Text-based Human Image Generation
- 2025SceneBooth: Diffusion-based Framework for Subject-preserved Text-to-Image Generation