Offline Data Enhanced On-Policy Policy Gradient with Provable Guarantees
On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Offline RL algorithms
Abstract (arXiv)
Hybrid RL is the setting where an RL agent has access to both offline data and online data by interacting with the real-world environment. In this work, we propose a new hybrid RL algorithm that combines an on-policy actor-critic method with offline data. On-policy methods such as policy gradient and natural policy gradient (NPG) have shown to be more robust to model misspecification, though sometimes it may not be as sample efficient as methods that rely on off-policy learning. On the other hand, offline methods that depend on off-policy training often require strong assumptions in theory and are less stable to train in practice. Our new approach integrates a procedure of off-policy training on the offline data into an on-policy NPG framework. We show that our approach, in theory, can obtain a best-of-both-worlds type of result -- it achieves the state-of-art theoretical guarantees of offline RL when offline RL-specific assumptions hold, while at the same time maintaining the theoretical guarantees of on-policy NPG regardless of the offline RL assumptions' validity. Experimentally, in challenging rich-observation environments, we show that our approach outperforms a state-of-the-art hybrid RL baseline which only relies on off-policy policy optimization, demonstrating the empirical benefit of combining on-policy and off-policy learning. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/YifeiZhou02/HNPG.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Offline RL algorithms, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. Builds on 35 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Nov 2023.
Builds on
35 of 52 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
- 2023ENOTO: Improving Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning with Q-Ensembles12 Jun
- 2023Cal-QL: Calibrated Offline RL Pre-Training for Efficient Online Fine-Tuning9 Mar
- 2023The In-Sample Softmax for Offline Reinforcement Learning28 Feb
- 2022The Role of Coverage in Online Reinforcement Learning9 Oct
- 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning: Fundamental Barriers for Value Function Approximation21 Nov
- 2021Representation Learning for Online and Offline RL in Low-rank MDPs9 Oct
- 2021Pessimistic Model-based Offline Reinforcement Learning under Partial Coverage13 Jul
- 2021Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning via Balanced Replay and Pessimistic Q-Ensemble1 Jul
- 2021Bellman-consistent Pessimism for Offline Reinforcement Learning13 Jun
- 2021Corruption-Robust Offline Reinforcement Learning11 Jun
- 2020Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learning8 Jun
Other references · 24
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2015Trust Region Policy Optimizationcited by 2,580
- 2015High-Dimensional Continuous Control Using Generalized Advantage Estimationcited by 2,026
- 2021Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Videocited by 1,556
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic Algorithms and Applicationscited by 1,240
- 2019Dota 2 with Large Scale Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,103
- 2019Stabilizing Off-Policy Q-Learning via Bootstrapping Error Reductioncited by 840
- 2019Solving Rubik's Cube with a Robot Handcited by 734
- 2022MineDojo: Building Open-Ended Embodied Agents with Internet-Scale Knowledgecited by 478
- 2023Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning with Offline Datacited by 363
12 more
- 2019Information-Theoretic Considerations in Batch Reinforcement Learningcited by 287
- 2021Bellman Eluder Dimension: New Rich Classes of RL Problems, and Sample-Efficient Algorithmscited by 223
- 2021Bilinear Classes: A Structural Framework for Provable Generalization in RLcited by 178
- 2019Provably efficient RL with Rich Observations via Latent State Decodingcited by 169
- 2022Hybrid RL: Using Both Offline and Online Data Can Make RL Efficientcited by 161
- 2019Kinematic State Abstraction and Provably Efficient Rich-Observation Reinforcement Learningcited by 114
- 2020PC-PG: Policy Cover Directed Exploration for Provable Policy Gradient Learningcited by 92
- 2016Q-Prop: Sample-Efficient Policy Gradient with An Off-Policy Criticcited by 81
- 2022Efficient Reinforcement Learning in Block MDPs: A Model-free Representation Learning Approachcited by 51
- 2017Interpolated Policy Gradient: Merging On-Policy and Off-Policy Gradient Estimation for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 40
- 2022Provable Benefits of Representational Transfer in Reinforcement Learningcited by 38
- 2023Representation Learning with Multi-Step Inverse Kinematics: An Efficient and Optimal Approach to Rich-Observation RLcited by 22
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
11 papers.
- 2024ArCHer: Training Language Model Agents via Hierarchical Multi-Turn RLcited by 228
- 2024REBEL: Reinforcement Learning via Regressing Relative Rewardscited by 69
- 2024Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning Need Not Retain Offline Datacited by 63
- 2024Hybrid Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 32
- 2024Hybrid Reinforcement Learning Breaks Sample Size Barriers in Linear MDPscited by 6
- 2025Balancing optimism and pessimism in offline-to-online learningcited by 6
- 2024Hybrid Reinforcement Learning from Offline Observation Alonecited by 5
- 2024SAMG: Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning via State-Action-Conditional Offline Model Guidancecited by 0
- 2026Beyond State-Wise Mirror Descent: Offline Policy Optimization with Parametric Policiescited by 0
- 2026Cross-Domain Policy Optimization via Bellman Consistency and Hybrid Criticscited by 0
- 2026Provably Efficient Offline-to-Online Value Adaptation with General Function Approximationcited by 0
- 2026Provably Efficient Offline-to-Online Value Adaptation with General Function Approximation15 Apr 2026
- 2026Cross-Domain Policy Optimization via Bellman Consistency and Hybrid Critics12 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond State-Wise Mirror Descent: Offline Policy Optimization with Parametric Policies27 Feb 2026
- 2025Balancing optimism and pessimism in offline-to-online learning12 Feb 2025
- 2024Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning Need Not Retain Offline Data10 Dec 2024
- 2024SAMG: Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning via State-Action-Conditional Offline Model Guidance24 Oct 2024
- 2024Hybrid Reinforcement Learning Breaks Sample Size Barriers in Linear MDPs8 Aug 2024
- 2024Hybrid Reinforcement Learning from Offline Observation Alone11 Jun 2024
- 2024REBEL: Reinforcement Learning via Regressing Relative Rewards25 Apr 2024
- 2024ArCHer: Training Language Model Agents via Hierarchical Multi-Turn RL29 Feb 2024
- 2024Hybrid Inverse Reinforcement Learning13 Feb 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2022Offline RL Policies Should be Trained to be Adaptive
- 2021NeoRL: A Near Real-World Benchmark for Offline Reinforcement Learning
- 2025Evaluation-Time Policy Switching for Offline Reinforcement Learning
- 2025Augmenting Online RL with Offline Data is All You Need: A Unified Hybrid RL Algorithm Design and Analysis
- 2022Leveraging Offline Data in Online Reinforcement Learning
- 2026Action-Free Offline-to-Online RL via Discretised State Policies
- 2023Finetuning from Offline Reinforcement Learning: Challenges, Trade-offs and Practical Solutions
- 2023Adaptive Policy Learning for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning