mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Detecting As Labeling: Rethinking LiDAR-camera Fusion in 3D Object Detection

arXiv 2311.07152 ↗First posted 13 Nov 2023cs.CVcited by 28

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Abstract (arXiv)

3D object Detection with LiDAR-camera encounters overfitting in algorithm development which is derived from the violation of some fundamental rules. We refer to the data annotation in dataset construction for theory complementing and argue that the regression task prediction should not involve the feature from the camera branch. By following the cutting-edge perspective of 'Detecting As Labeling', we propose a novel paradigm dubbed DAL. With the most classical elementary algorithms, a simple predicting pipeline is constructed by imitating the data annotation process. Then we train it in the simplest way to minimize its dependency and strengthen its portability. Though simple in construction and training, the proposed DAL paradigm not only substantially pushes the performance boundary but also provides a superior trade-off between speed and accuracy among all existing methods. With comprehensive superiority, DAL is an ideal baseline for both future work development and practical deployment. The code has been released to facilitate future work on https://github.com/HuangJunJie2017/BEVDet.

Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Nov 2023.

Builds on

42 of 49 references.

References · 42

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  3. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  4. 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
  5. 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,415
  6. 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,021
  7. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
  8. 2017Deformable Convolutional Networkscited by 1,481
  9. 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
  10. 2020Center-based 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 1,143
  11. 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,068
  12. 2016Semantic Understanding of Scenes through the ADE20K Datasetcited by 1,063
30 more
  1. 2020Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3Dcited by 1,040
  2. 2022BEVFusion: Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representationcited by 844
  3. 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
  4. 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 711
  5. 2021DETR3D: 3D Object Detection from Multi-view Images via 3D-to-2D Queriescited by 655
  6. 2015Cyclical Learning Rates for Training Neural Networkscited by 627
  7. 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 568
  8. 2022TransFusion: Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection with Transformerscited by 464
  9. 2019PointPainting: Sequential Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 449
  10. 2019Class-balanced Grouping and Sampling for Point Cloud 3D Object Detectioncited by 350
  11. 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 340
  12. 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 334
  13. 2023Occ3D: A Large-Scale 3D Occupancy Prediction Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 325
  14. 2021Is Pseudo-Lidar needed for Monocular 3D Object detection?cited by 248
  15. 2023OpenOccupancy: A Large Scale Benchmark for Surrounding Semantic Occupancy Perceptioncited by 218
  16. 2022Unifying Voxel-based Representation with Transformer for 3D Object Detectioncited by 202
  17. 2022Time Will Tell: New Outlooks and A Baseline for Temporal Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 177
  18. 2020Predicting Semantic Map Representations from Images using Pyramid Occupancy Networkscited by 175
  19. 2019Cross-view Semantic Segmentation for Sensing Surroundingscited by 173
  20. 2019MVX-Net: Multimodal VoxelNet for 3D Object Detectioncited by 162
  21. 2022Focal Sparse Convolutional Networks for 3D Object Detectioncited by 142
  22. 2022DeepInteraction: 3D Object Detection via Modality Interactioncited by 125
  23. 2023DSVT: Dynamic Sparse Voxel Transformer with Rotated Setscited by 122
  24. 2021FusionPainting: Multimodal Fusion with Adaptive Attention for 3D Object Detectioncited by 92
  25. 2022BEVStereo: Enhancing Depth Estimation in Multi-view 3D Object Detection with Dynamic Temporal Stereocited by 89
  26. 2023SparseFusion: Fusing Multi-Modal Sparse Representations for Multi-Sensor 3D Object Detectioncited by 83
  27. 2022Sparse Fuse Dense: Towards High Quality 3D Detection with Depth Completioncited by 82
  28. 2023Virtual Sparse Convolution for Multimodal 3D Object Detectioncited by 81
  29. 2022BEVPoolv2: A Cutting-edge Implementation of BEVDet Toward Deploymentcited by 79
  30. 2023UniTR: A Unified and Efficient Multi-Modal Transformer for Bird's-Eye-View Representationcited by 74

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 10; 2025: 10; 2026: 8.

28 papers.

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  1. 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Visioncited by 37
  2. 2024Unleashing HyDRa: Hybrid Fusion, Depth Consistency and Radar for Unified 3D Perceptioncited by 35
  3. 2024SparseLIF: High-Performance Sparse LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 25
  4. 2024DeepInteraction++: Multi-Modality Interaction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
  5. 2024DAOcc: 3D Object Detection Assisted Multi-Sensor Fusion for 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 15
  6. 2024Progressive Multi-Modal Fusion for Robust 3D Object Detectioncited by 10
  7. 2024FlatFusion: Delving into Details of Sparse Transformer-based Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
  8. 2024EFFOcc: Learning Efficient Occupancy Networks from Minimal Labels for Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
  9. 2024SpaRC: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 8
  10. 2025Ev-3DOD: Pushing the Temporal Boundaries of 3D Object Detection with Event Camerascited by 8
  11. 2024Panoptic Perception for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 4
  12. 2025MambaFusion: Height-Fidelity Dense Global Fusion for Multi-modal 3D Object Detectioncited by 3
16 more
  1. 2025Unleashing the Temporal Potential of Stereo Event Cameras for Continuous-Time 3D Object Detectioncited by 3
  2. 2025UniLION: Towards Unified Autonomous Driving Model with Linear Group RNNscited by 3
  3. 2025All You Need for Object Detection: From Pixels, Points, and Prompts to Next-Gen Fusion and Multimodal LLMs/VLMs in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 1
  4. 2024BEVPose: Unveiling Scene Semantics through Pose-Guided Multi-Modal BEV Alignmentcited by 0
  5. 2025SparseVoxFormer: Sparse Voxel-based Transformer for Multi-modal 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
  6. 2025Dual-Domain Homogeneous Fusion with Cross-Modal Mamba and Progressive Decoder for 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
  7. 2025An Efficient LiDAR-Camera Fusion Network for Multi-Class 3D Dynamic Object Detection and Trajectory Predictioncited by 0
  8. 2025Rethink 3D Object Detection from Physical Worldcited by 0
  9. 2026A Comparative Study of 3D Person Detection: Sensor Modalities and Robustness in Diverse Indoor and Outdoor Environmentscited by 0
  10. 2026Control Your Queries: Heterogeneous Query Interaction for Camera-Radar Fusioncited by 0
  11. 2026Motion Cues from Image-based Point Tracking for LiDAR Scene Flow Estimationcited by 0
  12. 2026Improving 3D Labeling in Self-Driving by Inferring Vehicle Information using Vision Language Modelscited by 0
  13. 2026Geometry-Aware Fisheye-LiDAR Fusion for Robust 3D Object Detection in Low-Overlap Setupscited by 0
  14. 2026Understanding Cross-Rig Generalization in Automotive Perception: a Multi-Rig Benchmark and Rig Variation Metricscited by 0
  15. 2026MM-BEV: Enhancing Timeliness by Computing Where and When it Matterscited by 0
  16. 2026Multi-Modal Traffic Sign Detection with Semantic Attributes for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0