Reward Finetuning for Faster and More Accurate Unsupervised Object Discovery
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in machine learning have shown that Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) can improve machine learning models and align them with human preferences. Although very successful for Large Language Models (LLMs), these advancements have not had a comparable impact in research for autonomous vehicles -- where alignment with human expectations can be imperative. In this paper, we propose to adapt similar RL-based methods to unsupervised object discovery, i.e. learning to detect objects from LiDAR points without any training labels. Instead of labels, we use simple heuristics to mimic human feedback. More explicitly, we combine multiple heuristics into a simple reward function that positively correlates its score with bounding box accuracy, i.e., boxes containing objects are scored higher than those without. We start from the detector's own predictions to explore the space and reinforce boxes with high rewards through gradient updates. Empirically, we demonstrate that our approach is not only more accurate, but also orders of magnitudes faster to train compared to prior works on object discovery.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 35 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Oct 2023.
Builds on
35 of 53 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
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Other references · 34
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- 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 3,961
- 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,562
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- 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,707
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- 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 939
- 2019PV-RCNN: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction for 3D Object Detectioncited by 890
- 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
- 2019Deep Hough Voting for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 648
- 20203DSSD: Point-based 3D Single Stage Object Detectorcited by 440
- 2020Curriculum Learning for Reinforcement Learning Domains: A Framework and Surveycited by 350
- 2019STD: Sparse-to-Dense 3D Object Detector for Point Cloudcited by 282
- 2022Quark: Controllable Text Generation with Reinforced Unlearningcited by 236
- 2022Self-Supervised Transformers for Unsupervised Object Discovery using Normalized Cutcited by 166
- 2020Train in Germany, Test in The USA: Making 3D Object Detectors Generalizecited by 150
- 2016Learning Features by Watching Objects Movecited by 138
- 2019Imitation Learning from Imperfect Demonstrationcited by 112
- 2022Ithaca365: Dataset and Driving Perception under Repeated and Challenging Weather Conditionscited by 47
- 2022Learning to Detect Mobile Objects from LiDAR Scans Without Labelscited by 44
- 2023Tuning computer vision models with task rewardscited by 36
- 2017Driven to Distraction: Self-Supervised Distractor Learning for Robust Monocular Visual Odometry in Urban Environmentscited by 22
- 2020Unsupervised Object Detection with LiDAR Cluescited by 22
- 20224D Unsupervised Object Discoverycited by 18
- 2022Objects Can Move: 3D Change Detection by Geometric Transformation Constistencycited by 13
- 2023Unsupervised Adaptation from Repeated Traversals for Autonomous Drivingcited by 13
- 2019Rescan: Inductive Instance Segmentation for Indoor RGBD Scanscited by 12
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
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- 2024UNION: Unsupervised 3D Object Detection using Object Appearance-based Pseudo-Classescited by 22
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- 2024DiffuBox: Refining 3D Object Detection with Point Diffusioncited by 6
- 2025SP3D: Boosting Sparsely-Supervised 3D Object Detection via Accurate Cross-Modal Semantic Promptscited by 6
- 2024Learning 3D Perception from Others' Predictionscited by 4
- 2024Label-Efficient 3D Object Detection For Road-Side Unitscited by 3
- 2024Vision-Language Guidance for LiDAR-based Unsupervised 3D Object Detectioncited by 3
- 2025MonoSOWA: Scalable monocular 3D Object detector Without human Annotationscited by 2
- 2025Seg2Box: 3D Object Detection by Point-Wise Semantics Supervisioncited by 2
- 2025xMOD: Cross-Modal Distillation for 2D/3D Multi-Object Discovery from 2D motioncited by 0
- 2026When the City Teaches the Car: Label-Free 3D Perception from Infrastructurecited by 0
- 2026When the City Teaches the Car: Label-Free 3D Perception from Infrastructure17 Mar 2026
- 2025Seg2Box: 3D Object Detection by Point-Wise Semantics Supervision21 Mar 2025
- 2025xMOD: Cross-Modal Distillation for 2D/3D Multi-Object Discovery from 2D motion19 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning to Detect Objects from Multi-Agent LiDAR Scans without Manual Labels11 Mar 2025
- 2025SP3D: Boosting Sparsely-Supervised 3D Object Detection via Accurate Cross-Modal Semantic Prompts9 Mar 2025
- 2025MonoSOWA: Scalable monocular 3D Object detector Without human Annotations16 Jan 2025
- 2024Learning 3D Perception from Others' Predictions3 Oct 2024
- 2024Vision-Language Guidance for LiDAR-based Unsupervised 3D Object Detection7 Aug 2024
- 2024Harnessing Uncertainty-aware Bounding Boxes for Unsupervised 3D Object Detection1 Aug 2024
- 2024DiffuBox: Refining 3D Object Detection with Point Diffusion25 May 2024
- 2024UNION: Unsupervised 3D Object Detection using Object Appearance-based Pseudo-Classes24 May 2024
- 2024Label-Efficient 3D Object Detection For Road-Side Units9 Apr 2024
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