mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Revisiting the Learning Objectives of Vision-Language Reward Models

arXiv 2512.20675 ↗First posted 20 Dec 2025cs.LG cs.AIcited by 2

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Diffusion and multimodal model alignment

Abstract (arXiv)

Learning generalizable reward functions is a core challenge in embodied intelligence. Recent work leverages contrastive vision language models (VLMs) to obtain dense, domain-agnostic rewards without human supervision. These methods adapt VLMs into reward models through increasingly complex learning objectives, yet meaningful comparison remains difficult due to differences in training data, architectures, and evaluation settings. In this work, we isolate the impact of the learning objective by evaluating recent VLM-based reward models under a unified framework with identical backbones, finetuning data, and evaluation environments. Using Meta-World tasks, we assess modeling accuracy by measuring consistency with ground truth reward and correlation with expert progress. Remarkably, we show that a simple triplet loss outperforms state-of-the-art methods, suggesting that much of the improvements in recent approaches could be attributed to differences in data and architectures.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and multimodal model alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 14 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Dec 2025.

Builds on

14 of 17 references.

References · 14

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  3. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  4. 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,441
  5. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
  6. 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
  7. 2021Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Videocited by 1,530
  8. 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,168
  9. 2018Scaling Egocentric Vision: The EPIC-KITCHENS Datasetcited by 789
  10. 2022R3M: A Universal Visual Representation for Robot Manipulationcited by 678
  11. 2017Time-Contrastive Networks: Self-Supervised Learning from Videocited by 453
  12. 2022VIP: Towards Universal Visual Reward and Representation via Value-Implicit Pre-Trainingcited by 384
2 more
  1. 2022The Unsurprising Effectiveness of Pre-Trained Vision Models for Controlcited by 155
  2. 2023Vision-Language Models are Zero-Shot Reward Models for Reinforcement Learningcited by 155

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025InternLM-XComposer2.5-Reward: A Simple Yet Effective Multi-Modal Reward Model
  2. 2025Multimodal RewardBench: Holistic Evaluation of Reward Models for Vision Language Models
  3. 2025ViLBench: A Suite for Vision-Language Process Reward Modeling
  4. 2025VLRMBench: A Comprehensive and Challenging Benchmark for Vision-Language Reward Models
  5. 2026Learning What Matters: Dynamic Dimension Selection and Aggregation for Interpretable Vision-Language Reward Modeling
  6. 2024The Dark Side of Rich Rewards: Understanding and Mitigating Noise in VLM Rewards
  7. 2025Vision-R1: Evolving Human-Free Alignment in Large Vision-Language Models via Vision-Guided Reinforcement Learning
  8. 2025VL-GenRM: Enhancing Vision-Language Verification via Vision Experts and Iterative Training