Seq2seq is All You Need for Coreference Resolution
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing works on coreference resolution suggest that task-specific models are necessary to achieve state-of-the-art performance. In this work, we present compelling evidence that such models are not necessary. We finetune a pretrained seq2seq transformer to map an input document to a tagged sequence encoding the coreference annotation. Despite the extreme simplicity, our model outperforms or closely matches the best coreference systems in the literature on an array of datasets. We also propose an especially simple seq2seq approach that generates only tagged spans rather than the spans interleaved with the original text. Our analysis shows that the model size, the amount of supervision, and the choice of sequence representations are key factors in performance.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Oct 2023.
Builds on
23 of 37 references.
References · 23
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,599
- 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 3,024
- 2019HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processingcited by 2,218
- 2019SpanBERT: Improving Pre-training by Representing and Predicting Spanscited by 834
- 2020Autoregressive Entity Retrievalcited by 334
- 2017End-to-end Neural Coreference Resolutioncited by 241
- 2021Structured Prediction as Translation between Augmented Natural Languagescited by 183
- 2018Higher-order Coreference Resolution with Coarse-to-fine Inferencecited by 150
- 2019BERT for Coreference Resolution: Baselines and Analysiscited by 125
- 2019Coreference Resolution as Query-based Span Predictioncited by 91
- 2019An Annotated Dataset of Coreference in English Literaturecited by 58
11 more
- 2020Revealing the Myth of Higher-Order Inference in Coreference Resolutioncited by 49
- 2021Coreference Resolution without Span Representationscited by 45
- 2022Autoregressive Structured Prediction with Language Modelscited by 43
- 2021Word-Level Coreference Resolutioncited by 40
- 2022Coreference Resolution through a seq2seq Transition-Based Systemcited by 34
- 2018PreCo: A Large-scale Dataset in Preschool Vocabulary for Coreference Resolutioncited by 30
- 2020Learning to Ignore: Long Document Coreference with Bounded Memory Neural Networkscited by 29
- 2021On Generalization in Coreference Resolutioncited by 24
- 2021Moving on from OntoNotes: Coreference Resolution Model Transfercited by 18
- 2020Understanding Mention Detector-Linker Interaction in Neural Coreference Resolutioncited by 7
- 2018A Sequence-to-Sequence Model for Semantic Role Labelingcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2024Bridging Context Gaps: Leveraging Coreference Resolution for Long Contextual Understandingcited by 16
- 2024[Lions: 1] and [Tigers: 2] and [Bears: 3], Oh My! Literary Coreference Annotation with LLMscited by 8
- 2025Post-training for Efficient Communication via Convention Formationcited by 7
- 2025Multimodal Coreference Resolution for Chinese Social Media Dialogues: Dataset and Benchmark Approachcited by 1
- 2025Improving LLMs' Learning for Coreference Resolutioncited by 1
- 2025BoundRL: Efficient Structured Text Segmentation through Reinforced Boundary Generationcited by 1
- 2025End-to-End Dialog Neural Coreference Resolution: Balancing Efficiency and Accuracy in Large-Scale Systemscited by 0
- 2025CorefInst: Leveraging LLMs for Multilingual Coreference Resolutioncited by 0
- 2025Efficient Seq2seq Coreference Resolution Using Entity Representationscited by 0
- 2026Closing the Gap at CRAC 2026: Two-Stage Adaptation for LLM-Based Multilingual Coreference Resolutioncited by 0
- 2026Closing the Gap at CRAC 2026: Two-Stage Adaptation for LLM-Based Multilingual Coreference Resolution16 May 2026
- 2025BoundRL: Efficient Structured Text Segmentation through Reinforced Boundary Generation23 Oct 2025
- 2025Efficient Seq2seq Coreference Resolution Using Entity Representations16 Oct 2025
- 2025CorefInst: Leveraging LLMs for Multilingual Coreference Resolution22 Sep 2025
- 2025Improving LLMs' Learning for Coreference Resolution14 Sep 2025
- 2025Post-training for Efficient Communication via Convention Formation8 Aug 2025
- 2025Multimodal Coreference Resolution for Chinese Social Media Dialogues: Dataset and Benchmark Approach19 Apr 2025
- 2025End-to-End Dialog Neural Coreference Resolution: Balancing Efficiency and Accuracy in Large-Scale Systems8 Apr 2025
- 2024Bridging Context Gaps: Leveraging Coreference Resolution for Long Contextual Understanding2 Oct 2024
- 2024[Lions: 1] and [Tigers: 2] and [Bears: 3], Oh My! Literary Coreference Annotation with LLMs31 Jan 2024