Generation or Replication: Auscultating Audio Latent Diffusion Models
On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music
Abstract (arXiv)
The introduction of audio latent diffusion models possessing the ability to generate realistic sound clips on demand from a text description has the potential to revolutionize how we work with audio. In this work, we make an initial attempt at understanding the inner workings of audio latent diffusion models by investigating how their audio outputs compare with the training data, similar to how a doctor auscultates a patient by listening to the sounds of their organs. Using text-to-audio latent diffusion models trained on the AudioCaps dataset, we systematically analyze memorization behavior as a function of training set size. We also evaluate different retrieval metrics for evidence of training data memorization, finding the similarity between mel spectrograms to be more robust in detecting matches than learned embedding vectors. In the process of analyzing memorization in audio latent diffusion models, we also discover a large amount of duplicated audio clips within the AudioCaps database.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 30 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Oct 2023.
Builds on
30 of 34 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2023MusicLDM: Enhancing Novelty in Text-to-Music Generation Using Beat-Synchronous Mixup Strategies3 Aug
- 2023Text-to-Audio Generation using Instruction-Tuned LLM and Latent Diffusion Model24 Apr
- 2023Noise2Music: Text-conditioned Music Generation with Diffusion Models8 Feb
- 2023Make-An-Audio: Text-To-Audio Generation with Prompt-Enhanced Diffusion Models30 Jan
- 2023AudioLDM: Text-to-Audio Generation with Latent Diffusion Models29 Jan
- 2022Diffsound: Discrete Diffusion Model for Text-to-sound Generation20 Jul
- 2021Grad-TTS: A Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Text-to-Speech13 May
- 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesis21 Sep
Other references · 22
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
- 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
- 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,101
- 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,154
- 2021Membership Inference Attacks From First Principlescited by 878
- 2023Extracting Training Data from Diffusion Modelscited by 732
- 2022Large-scale Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining with Feature Fusion and Keyword-to-Caption Augmentationcited by 719
- 2021Deduplicating Training Data Makes Language Models Bettercited by 714
- 2020What Neural Networks Memorize and Why: Discovering the Long Tail via Influence Estimationcited by 497
- 2023MusicLM: Generating Music From Textcited by 448
10 more
- 2022Diffusion Art or Digital Forgery? Investigating Data Replication in Diffusion Modelscited by 424
- 2022Deduplicating Training Data Mitigates Privacy Risks in Language Modelscited by 314
- 2023Understanding and Mitigating Copying in Diffusion Modelscited by 209
- 2022A Self-Supervised Descriptor for Image Copy Detectioncited by 176
- 2021SSAST: Self-Supervised Audio Spectrogram Transformercited by 169
- 2022The Privacy Onion Effect: Memorization is Relativecited by 136
- 2021The 2021 Image Similarity Dataset and Challengecited by 44
- 2023Foley Sound Synthesis at the DCASE 2023 Challengecited by 19
- 2020Neural Audio Fingerprint for High-specific Audio Retrieval based on Contrastive Learningcited by 16
- 2021Membership Inference Attacks Against Self-supervised Speech Modelscited by 16
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2024Exploring Musical Roots: Applying Audio Embeddings to Empower Influence Attribution for a Generative Music Modelcited by 13
- 2024Replication in Visual Diffusion Models: A Survey and Outlookcited by 11
- 2024Towards Assessing Data Replication in Music Generation with Music Similarity Metrics on Raw Audiocited by 10
- 2025MusGO: A Community-Driven Framework For Assessing Openness in Music-Generative AIcited by 7
- 2025Re-Bottleneck: Latent Re-Structuring for Neural Audio Autoencoderscited by 4
- 2024Sound Check: Auditing Audio Datasetscited by 3
- 2025Generative AI Training and Copyright Lawcited by 3
- 2025Bob's Confetti: Phonetic Memorization Attacks in Music and Video Generationcited by 3
- 2025Mitigating data replication in text-to-audio generative diffusion models through anti-memorization guidancecited by 2
- 2026Relational Synthesis: Structure-Mediated Concatenative Synthesis for Foley and Retrieval-Augmented Audio Generationcited by 0
- 2026Relational Synthesis: Structure-Mediated Concatenative Synthesis for Foley and Retrieval-Augmented Audio Generation5 Oct 2026
- 2025Mitigating data replication in text-to-audio generative diffusion models through anti-memorization guidance18 Sep 2025
- 2025Bob's Confetti: Phonetic Memorization Attacks in Music and Video Generation23 Jul 2025
- 2025Re-Bottleneck: Latent Re-Structuring for Neural Audio Autoencoders10 Jul 2025
- 2025MusGO: A Community-Driven Framework For Assessing Openness in Music-Generative AI4 Jul 2025
- 2025Generative AI Training and Copyright Law21 Feb 2025
- 2024Sound Check: Auditing Audio Datasets17 Oct 2024
- 2024Towards Assessing Data Replication in Music Generation with Music Similarity Metrics on Raw Audio19 Jul 2024
- 2024Replication in Visual Diffusion Models: A Survey and Outlook7 Jul 2024
- 2024Exploring Musical Roots: Applying Audio Embeddings to Empower Influence Attribution for a Generative Music Model25 Jan 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023ArchiSound: Audio Generation with Diffusion
- 2023AudioToken: Adaptation of Text-Conditioned Diffusion Models for Audio-to-Image Generation
- 2026Stage-adaptive audio diffusion modeling
- 2026Diffusion Models for Joint Audio-Video Generation
- 2024PTQ4ADM: Post-Training Quantization for Efficient Text Conditional Audio Diffusion Models
- 2026Stable Audio 3
- 2025Audio Generation Through Score-Based Generative Modeling: Design Principles and Implementation
- 2023ConsistencyTTA: Accelerating Diffusion-Based Text-to-Audio Generation with Consistency Distillation