mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

AudioToken: Adaptation of Text-Conditioned Diffusion Models for Audio-to-Image Generation

arXiv 2305.13050 ↗First posted 22 May 2023cs.SD cs.CV cs.LGcited by 22

On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music

Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, image generation has shown a great leap in performance, where diffusion models play a central role. Although generating high-quality images, such models are mainly conditioned on textual descriptions. This begs the question: "how can we adopt such models to be conditioned on other modalities?". In this paper, we propose a novel method utilizing latent diffusion models trained for text-to-image-generation to generate images conditioned on audio recordings. Using a pre-trained audio encoding model, the proposed method encodes audio into a new token, which can be considered as an adaptation layer between the audio and text representations. Such a modeling paradigm requires a small number of trainable parameters, making the proposed approach appealing for lightweight optimization. Results suggest the proposed method is superior to the evaluated baseline methods, considering objective and subjective metrics. Code and samples are available at: https://pages.cs.huji.ac.il/adiyoss-lab/AudioToken.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 36 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 May 2023.

Builds on

36 of 39 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesis21 Sep

Other references · 35

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  4. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  5. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  6. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  7. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  8. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  9. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  10. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  11. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  12. 2016Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)cited by 3,431
23 more
  1. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
  2. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
  3. 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
  4. 2023ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them Allcited by 1,162
  5. 2023Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizerscited by 737
  6. 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 641
  7. 2023Muse: Text-To-Image Generation via Masked Generative Transformerscited by 640
  8. 2022Make-A-Scene: Scene-Based Text-to-Image Generation with Human Priorscited by 487
  9. 2021Generative Spoken Language Modeling from Raw Audiocited by 336
  10. 2022AudioGen: Textually Guided Audio Generationcited by 292
  11. 2022VQGAN-CLIP: Open Domain Image Generation and Editing with Natural Language Guidancecited by 285
  12. 2021Wav2CLIP: Learning Robust Audio Representations From CLIPcited by 210
  13. 2021ZeroCap: Zero-Shot Image-to-Text Generation for Visual-Semantic Arithmeticcited by 150
  14. 2021Taming Visually Guided Sound Generationcited by 136
  15. 2021VisualVoice: Audio-Visual Speech Separation with Cross-Modal Consistencycited by 114
  16. 2022I Hear Your True Colors: Image Guided Audio Generationcited by 92
  17. 2019Factor Graph Attentioncited by 41
  18. 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representationscited by 29
  19. 2018Towards Audio to Scene Image Synthesis using Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 23
  20. 2022Speaking Style Conversion in the Waveform Domain Using Discrete Self-Supervised Unitscited by 15
  21. 2021Audio-to-Image Cross-Modal Generationcited by 11
  22. 2022ReVISE: Self-Supervised Speech Resynthesis with Visual Input for Universal and Generalized Speech Enhancementcited by 8
  23. 2022Audio Language Modeling using Perceptually-Guided Discrete Representationscited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 7; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.

22 papers.

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  1. 2023Diverse and Aligned Audio-to-Video Generation via Text-to-Video Model Adaptationcited by 68
  2. 2023SLM: Bridge the thin gap between speech and text foundation modelscited by 67
  3. 2023ElasticDiffusion: Training-free Arbitrary Size Image Generation through Global-Local Content Separationcited by 37
  4. 2023Autoregressive Omni-Aware Outpainting for Open-Vocabulary 360-Degree Image Generationcited by 33
  5. 2024Stretching Each Dollar: Diffusion Training from Scratch on a Micro-Budgetcited by 30
  6. 2024Learning Spatially-Aware Language and Audio Embeddingscited by 15
  7. 2023Can CLIP Help Sound Source Localization?cited by 13
  8. 2024LAST: Language Model Aware Speech Tokenizationcited by 9
  9. 2025AVI-Edit: Audio-sync Video Instance Editing with Granularity-Aware Mask Refinercited by 8
  10. 2024Diffusion-based Data Augmentation for Object Counting Problemscited by 5
  11. 2024AudioScenic: Audio-Driven Video Scene Editingcited by 5
  12. 2024Sound2Vision: Generating Diverse Visuals from Audio through Cross-Modal Latent Alignmentcited by 5
10 more
  1. 2024Network Bending of Diffusion Models for Audio-Visual Generationcited by 3
  2. 2025MACS: Multi-source Audio-to-image Generation with Contextual Significance and Semantic Alignmentcited by 2
  3. 2023MDSC: Towards Evaluating the Style Consistency Between Music and Dancecited by 1
  4. 2023Unsupervised Multi-modal Feature Alignment for Time Series Representation Learningcited by 0
  5. 2025Seeing Soundscapes: Audio-Visual Generation and Separation from Soundscapes Using Audio-Visual Separatorcited by 0
  6. 2025SounDiT: Geo-Contextual Soundscape-to-Landscape Generationcited by 0
  7. 2025Testing chatbots on the creation of encoders for audio conditioned image generationcited by 0
  8. 2026SOUPLE: Enhancing Audio-Visual Localization and Segmentation with Learnable Prompt Contextscited by 0
  9. 2026Towards Expressive and Faithful Audio-to-Image Generation: A Unified Multimodal Dataset and Synthesis Frameworkcited by 0
  10. 2026All modalities are equal, but video is more equal: Closing the Cross-Attention Gap in Joint Video Generationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Make-An-Audio: Text-To-Audio Generation with Prompt-Enhanced Diffusion Models
  2. 2024PTQ4ADM: Post-Training Quantization for Efficient Text Conditional Audio Diffusion Models
  3. 2023ArchiSound: Audio Generation with Diffusion
  4. 2025Audio Generation Through Score-Based Generative Modeling: Design Principles and Implementation
  5. 2023A Survey on Audio Diffusion Models: Text To Speech Synthesis and Enhancement in Generative AI
  6. 2024SonicDiffusion: Audio-Driven Image Generation and Editing with Pretrained Diffusion Models
  7. 2026SwiftAudio: Data-Efficient Caption-Only Distillation for One-Step Text-to-Audio Diffusion-based Generation
  8. 2023AudioLDM: Text-to-Audio Generation with Latent Diffusion Models