Out of the Box Thinking: Improving Customer Lifetime Value Modelling via Expert Routing and Game Whale Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Customer lifetime value (LTV) prediction is essential for mobile game publishers trying to optimize the advertising investment for each user acquisition based on the estimated worth. In mobile games, deploying microtransactions is a simple yet effective monetization strategy, which attracts a tiny group of game whales who splurge on in-game purchases. The presence of such game whales may impede the practicality of existing LTV prediction models, since game whales' purchase behaviours always exhibit varied distribution from general users. Consequently, identifying game whales can open up new opportunities to improve the accuracy of LTV prediction models. However, little attention has been paid to applying game whale detection in LTV prediction, and existing works are mainly specialized for the long-term LTV prediction with the assumption that the high-quality user features are available, which is not applicable in the UA stage. In this paper, we propose ExpLTV, a novel multi-task framework to perform LTV prediction and game whale detection in a unified way. In ExpLTV, we first innovatively design a deep neural network-based game whale detector that can not only infer the intrinsic order in accordance with monetary value, but also precisely identify high spenders (i.e., game whales) and low spenders. Then, by treating the game whale detector as a gating network to decide the different mixture patterns of LTV experts assembling, we can thoroughly leverage the shared information and scenario-specific information (i.e., game whales modelling and low spenders modelling). Finally, instead of separately designing a purchase rate estimator for two tasks, we design a shared estimator that can preserve the inner task relationships. The superiority of ExpLTV is further validated via extensive experiments on three industrial datasets.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Aug 2023.
Builds on
14 of 50 references.
References · 14
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
11 papers.
- 2024OptDist: Learning Optimal Distribution for Customer Lifetime Value Predictioncited by 8
- 2024Collaborative-Enhanced Prediction of Spending on Newly Downloaded Mobile Games under Consumption Uncertaintycited by 7
- 2024ADSNet: Cross-Domain LTV Prediction with an Adaptive Siamese Network in Advertisingcited by 4
- 2025Mini-Game Lifetime Value Prediction in WeChatcited by 1
- 2026CC-OR-Net: A Unified Framework for LTV Prediction through Structural Decouplingcited by 1
- 2024Customer Lifetime Value Prediction with Uncertainty Estimation Using Monte Carlo Dropoutcited by 0
- 2024LDACP: Long-Delayed Ad Conversions Prediction Model for Bidding Strategycited by 0
- 2025A Predict-Then-Optimize Customer Allocation Framework for Online Fund Recommendationcited by 0
- 2025SILS: Strategic Influence on Liquidity Stability and Whale Detection in Concentrated-Liquidity DEXscited by 0
- 2026HT-GNN: Hyper-Temporal Graph Neural Network for Customer Lifetime Value Prediction in Baidu Adscited by 0
- 2026AgentLTV: An Agent-Based Unified Search-and-Evolution Framework for Automated Lifetime Value Predictioncited by 0
- 2026AgentLTV: An Agent-Based Unified Search-and-Evolution Framework for Automated Lifetime Value Prediction25 Feb 2026
- 2026HT-GNN: Hyper-Temporal Graph Neural Network for Customer Lifetime Value Prediction in Baidu Ads19 Jan 2026
- 2026CC-OR-Net: A Unified Framework for LTV Prediction through Structural Decoupling15 Jan 2026
- 2025SILS: Strategic Influence on Liquidity Stability and Whale Detection in Concentrated-Liquidity DEXs25 Jul 2025
- 2025Mini-Game Lifetime Value Prediction in WeChat21 May 2025
- 2025A Predict-Then-Optimize Customer Allocation Framework for Online Fund Recommendation5 Mar 2025
- 2024LDACP: Long-Delayed Ad Conversions Prediction Model for Bidding Strategy25 Nov 2024
- 2024Customer Lifetime Value Prediction with Uncertainty Estimation Using Monte Carlo Dropout24 Nov 2024
- 2024OptDist: Learning Optimal Distribution for Customer Lifetime Value Prediction16 Aug 2024
- 2024ADSNet: Cross-Domain LTV Prediction with an Adaptive Siamese Network in Advertising15 Jun 2024
- 2024Collaborative-Enhanced Prediction of Spending on Newly Downloaded Mobile Games under Consumption Uncertainty12 Apr 2024
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- 2026The AI Wave and the Reinvention of Game Discovery: Oversupply, Structural Correction, and Agentic Player-Game Matching ↗
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