mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Billion-user Customer Lifetime Value Prediction: An Industrial-scale Solution from Kuaishou

arXiv 2208.13358 ↗First posted 29 Aug 2022cs.LGcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

Customer Life Time Value (LTV) is the expected total revenue that a single user can bring to a business. It is widely used in a variety of business scenarios to make operational decisions when acquiring new customers. Modeling LTV is a challenging problem, due to its complex and mutable data distribution. Existing approaches either directly learn from posterior feature distributions or leverage statistical models that make strong assumption on prior distributions, both of which fail to capture those mutable distributions. In this paper, we propose a complete set of industrial-level LTV modeling solutions. Specifically, we introduce an Order Dependency Monotonic Network (ODMN) that models the ordered dependencies between LTVs of different time spans, which greatly improves model performance. We further introduce a Multi Distribution Multi Experts (MDME) module based on the Divide-and-Conquer idea, which transforms the severely imbalanced distribution modeling problem into a series of relatively balanced sub-distribution modeling problems hence greatly reduces the modeling complexity. In addition, a novel evaluation metric Mutual Gini is introduced to better measure the distribution difference between the estimated value and the ground-truth label based on the Lorenz Curve. The ODMN framework has been successfully deployed in many business scenarios of Kuaishou, and achieved great performance. Extensive experiments on real-world industrial data demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods compared to state-of-the-art baselines including ZILN and Two-Stage XGBoost models.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Aug 2022.

Builds on

10 of 23 references.

References · 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2024Generative Regression Based Watch Time Prediction for Short-Video Recommendationcited by 13
  2. 2023Out of the Box Thinking: Improving Customer Lifetime Value Modelling via Expert Routing and Game Whale Detectioncited by 11
  3. 2024OptDist: Learning Optimal Distribution for Customer Lifetime Value Predictioncited by 8
  4. 2024Collaborative-Enhanced Prediction of Spending on Newly Downloaded Mobile Games under Consumption Uncertaintycited by 7
  5. 2024ADSNet: Cross-Domain LTV Prediction with an Adaptive Siamese Network in Advertisingcited by 4
  6. 2025TranSUN: A Preemptive Paradigm to Eradicate Retransformation Bias Intrinsically from Regression Models in Recommender Systemscited by 4
  7. 2023Contrastive Multi-view Framework for Customer Lifetime Value Predictioncited by 1
  8. 2025Mini-Game Lifetime Value Prediction in WeChatcited by 1
  9. 2026CC-OR-Net: A Unified Framework for LTV Prediction through Structural Decouplingcited by 1
  10. 2026RQ-Reg: A Residual-Quantization-Based Framework for Continuous Value Prediction in Recommender Systemscited by 1
  11. 2026DiffoR: A Unified Continuous Generative Framework for Universal Ordinal Regressioncited by 1
  12. 2024LDACP: Long-Delayed Ad Conversions Prediction Model for Bidding Strategycited by 0
5 more
  1. 2025TTF: A Trapezoidal Temporal Fusion Framework for LTV Forecasting in Douyincited by 0
  2. 2026HT-GNN: Hyper-Temporal Graph Neural Network for Customer Lifetime Value Prediction in Baidu Adscited by 0
  3. 2026AgentLTV: An Agent-Based Unified Search-and-Evolution Framework for Automated Lifetime Value Predictioncited by 0
  4. 2026ScaleToT: Generalizing Structured LLM Reasoning for Billion-Scale Low-Activity User Modelingcited by 0
  5. 2026PIT-SUN: A Deployable Empirical Marginal Transform Framework with Expectation-Consistent Recovery for Regression in Recommender Systemscited by 0