Image-free Classifier Injection for Zero-Shot Classification
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Abstract (arXiv)
Zero-shot learning models achieve remarkable results on image classification for samples from classes that were not seen during training. However, such models must be trained from scratch with specialised methods: therefore, access to a training dataset is required when the need for zero-shot classification arises. In this paper, we aim to equip pre-trained models with zero-shot classification capabilities without the use of image data. We achieve this with our proposed Image-free Classifier Injection with Semantics (ICIS) that injects classifiers for new, unseen classes into pre-trained classification models in a post-hoc fashion without relying on image data. Instead, the existing classifier weights and simple class-wise descriptors, such as class names or attributes, are used. ICIS has two encoder-decoder networks that learn to reconstruct classifier weights from descriptors (and vice versa), exploiting (cross-)reconstruction and cosine losses to regularise the decoding process. Notably, ICIS can be cheaply trained and applied directly on top of pre-trained classification models. Experiments on benchmark ZSL datasets show that ICIS produces unseen classifier weights that achieve strong (generalised) zero-shot classification performance. Code is available at https://github.com/ExplainableML/ImageFreeZSL .
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Aug 2023.
Builds on
45 of 70 references.
References · 45
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33 more
- 2017Zero-Shot Learning -- The Good, the Bad and the Uglycited by 255
- 2020Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learningcited by 251
- 2018Generalized Zero- and Few-Shot Learning via Aligned Variational Autoencoderscited by 206
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- 2015Label-Embedding for Image Classificationcited by 165
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- 2020Attribute Prototype Network for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 160
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- 2016Learning a Deep Embedding Model for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 153
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- 2016Synthesized Classifiers for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 113
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 6; 2026: 5.
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- 2024Progressive Semantic-Guided Vision Transformer for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 17
- 2024ZeroDiff: Solidified Visual-Semantic Correlation in Zero-Shot Learningcited by 10
- 2025SVIP: Semantically Contextualized Visual Patches for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 6
- 2025GenZSL: Generative Zero-Shot Learning Via Inductive Variational Autoencodercited by 5
- 2025Learning an Efficient Optimizer via Hybrid-Policy Sub-Trajectory Balancecited by 5
- 2025Learning to Learn Weight Generation via Local Consistency Diffusioncited by 4
- 2025Visual and Semantic Prompt Collaboration for Generalized Zero-Shot Learningcited by 4
- 2026Explaining CLIP Zero-shot Predictions Through Conceptscited by 3
- 2024ZeroMamba: Exploring Visual State Space Model for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 2
- 2024Multi-method Integration with Confidence-based Weighting for Zero-shot Image Classificationcited by 0
- 2025Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Learning with Attribute-Centric Representationscited by 0
- 2026Mutually Causal Semantic Distillation Network for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 0
3 more
- 2026Incentivizing Generative Zero-Shot Learning via Outcome-Reward Reinforcement Learning with Visual Cuescited by 0
- 2026Supervised Classification Heads as Semantic Prototypes: Unlocking Vision-Language Alignment via Weight Recyclingcited by 0
- 2026CAST: Closed-form Analytic Semantic Transfer for Zero-Shot Classifier Extensioncited by 0
- 2026CAST: Closed-form Analytic Semantic Transfer for Zero-Shot Classifier Extension13 Aug 2026
- 2026Supervised Classification Heads as Semantic Prototypes: Unlocking Vision-Language Alignment via Weight Recycling21 May 2026
- 2026Explaining CLIP Zero-shot Predictions Through Concepts30 Mar 2026
- 2026Incentivizing Generative Zero-Shot Learning via Outcome-Reward Reinforcement Learning with Visual Cues22 Mar 2026
- 2026Mutually Causal Semantic Distillation Network for Zero-Shot Learning18 Mar 2026
- 2025Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Learning with Attribute-Centric Representations13 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning an Efficient Optimizer via Hybrid-Policy Sub-Trajectory Balance1 Nov 2025
- 2025GenZSL: Generative Zero-Shot Learning Via Inductive Variational Autoencoder17 May 2025
- 2025Visual and Semantic Prompt Collaboration for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning29 Mar 2025
- 2025SVIP: Semantically Contextualized Visual Patches for Zero-Shot Learning13 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning to Learn Weight Generation via Local Consistency Diffusion3 Feb 2025
- 2024ZeroMamba: Exploring Visual State Space Model for Zero-Shot Learning27 Aug 2024
- 2024Progressive Semantic-Guided Vision Transformer for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 17
- 2024ZeroDiff: Solidified Visual-Semantic Correlation in Zero-Shot Learningcited by 10
- 2025SVIP: Semantically Contextualized Visual Patches for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 6
- 2025GenZSL: Generative Zero-Shot Learning Via Inductive Variational Autoencodercited by 5
- 2025Learning an Efficient Optimizer via Hybrid-Policy Sub-Trajectory Balancecited by 5
- 2025Learning to Learn Weight Generation via Local Consistency Diffusioncited by 4
- 2025Visual and Semantic Prompt Collaboration for Generalized Zero-Shot Learningcited by 4
- 2024Multi-method Integration with Confidence-based Weighting for Zero-shot Image Classificationcited by 0
- 2025Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Learning with Attribute-Centric Representationscited by 0
- 2026Mutually Causal Semantic Distillation Network for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 0
- 2026CAST: Closed-form Analytic Semantic Transfer for Zero-Shot Classifier Extensioncited by 0
- 2026CAST: Closed-form Analytic Semantic Transfer for Zero-Shot Classifier Extension13 Aug 2026
- 2026Mutually Causal Semantic Distillation Network for Zero-Shot Learning18 Mar 2026
- 2025Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Learning with Attribute-Centric Representations13 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning an Efficient Optimizer via Hybrid-Policy Sub-Trajectory Balance1 Nov 2025
- 2025GenZSL: Generative Zero-Shot Learning Via Inductive Variational Autoencoder17 May 2025
- 2025Visual and Semantic Prompt Collaboration for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning29 Mar 2025
- 2025SVIP: Semantically Contextualized Visual Patches for Zero-Shot Learning13 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning to Learn Weight Generation via Local Consistency Diffusion3 Feb 2025
- 2024ZeroDiff: Solidified Visual-Semantic Correlation in Zero-Shot Learning5 Jun 2024
- 2024Multi-method Integration with Confidence-based Weighting for Zero-shot Image Classification3 May 2024
- 2024Progressive Semantic-Guided Vision Transformer for Zero-Shot Learning11 Apr 2024