mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

AltDiffusion: A Multilingual Text-to-Image Diffusion Model

arXiv 2308.09991 ↗First posted 19 Aug 2023cs.CVcited by 30

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Text-to-Image(T2I) diffusion models have shown a remarkable capability to produce photorealistic and diverse images based on text inputs. However, existing works only support limited language input, e.g., English, Chinese, and Japanese, leaving users beyond these languages underserved and blocking the global expansion of T2I models. Therefore, this paper presents AltDiffusion, a novel multilingual T2I diffusion model that supports eighteen different languages. Specifically, we first train a multilingual text encoder based on the knowledge distillation. Then we plug it into a pretrained English-only diffusion model and train the model with a two-stage schema to enhance the multilingual capability, including concept alignment and quality improvement stage on a large-scale multilingual dataset. Furthermore, we introduce a new benchmark, which includes Multilingual-General-18(MG-18) and Multilingual-Cultural-18(MC-18) datasets, to evaluate the capabilities of T2I diffusion models for generating high-quality images and capturing culture-specific concepts in different languages. Experimental results on both MG-18 and MC-18 demonstrate that AltDiffusion outperforms current state-of-the-art T2I models, e.g., Stable Diffusion in multilingual understanding, especially with respect to culture-specific concepts, while still having comparable capability for generating high-quality images. All source code and checkpoints could be found in https://github.com/superhero-7/AltDiffuson.

Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 29 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Aug 2023.

Builds on

29 of 34 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Feb
  2. 2022ERNIE-ViLG 2.0: Improving Text-to-Image Diffusion Model with Knowledge-Enhanced Mixture-of-Denoising-Experts27 Oct
  3. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  4. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr

Other references · 25

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  3. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  4. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  5. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  6. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  7. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  8. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,152
  9. 2019Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 3,935
  10. 2016Improved Techniques for Training GANscited by 2,970
  11. 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,424
  12. 2015Flickr30k Entities: Collecting Region-to-Phrase Correspondences for Richer Image-to-Sentence Modelscited by 1,362
13 more
  1. 2022Reproducible scaling laws for contrastive language-image learningcited by 1,173
  2. 2021CogView: Mastering Text-to-Image Generation via Transformerscited by 694
  3. 2023Erasing Concepts from Diffusion Modelscited by 539
  4. 2022CogView2: Faster and Better Text-to-Image Generation via Hierarchical Transformerscited by 307
  5. 2020Multilingual Translation with Extensible Multilingual Pretraining and Finetuningcited by 287
  6. 2021WIT: Wikipedia-based Image Text Dataset for Multimodal Multilingual Machine Learningcited by 287
  7. 2016Multi30K: Multilingual English-German Image Descriptionscited by 250
  8. 2020PP-OCR: A Practical Ultra Lightweight OCR Systemcited by 151
  9. 2022Crossmodal-3600: A Massively Multilingual Multimodal Evaluation Datasetcited by 100
  10. 2022AltCLIP: Altering the Language Encoder in CLIP for Extended Language Capabilitiescited by 85
  11. 2022Fengshenbang 1.0: Being the Foundation of Chinese Cognitive Intelligencecited by 70
  12. 2021ERNIE-ViLG: Unified Generative Pre-training for Bidirectional Vision-Language Generationcited by 41
  13. 2020Towards Zero-shot Cross-lingual Image Retrievalcited by 25

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 10; 2025: 9; 2026: 7.

30 papers.

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  1. 2024Hunyuan-DiT: A Powerful Multi-Resolution Diffusion Transformer with Fine-Grained Chinese Understandingcited by 298
  2. 2023Navigating Cultural Chasms: Exploring and Unlocking the Cultural POV of Text-To-Image Modelscited by 16
  3. 2024Multilingual Text-to-Image Generation Magnifies Gender Stereotypes and Prompt Engineering May Not Help Youcited by 15
  4. 2025Neodragon: Mobile Video Generation using Diffusion Transformercited by 12
  5. 2024Taiyi-Diffusion-XL: Advancing Bilingual Text-to-Image Generation with Large Vision-Language Model Supportcited by 11
  6. 2024An Empirical Study and Analysis of Text-to-Image Generation Using Large Language Model-Powered Textual Representationcited by 11
  7. 2025Where Culture Fades: Revealing the Cultural Gap in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 11
  8. 2026TraceRouter: Robust Safety for Large Foundation Models via Path-Level Interventioncited by 11
  9. 2024ML-Mamba: Efficient Multi-Modal Large Language Model Utilizing Mamba-2cited by 10
  10. 2025DreamID: High-Fidelity and Fast diffusion-based Face Swapping via Triplet ID Group Learningcited by 10
  11. 2025MirrorVerse: Pushing Diffusion Models to Realistically Reflect the Worldcited by 8
  12. 2025UniFusion: Vision-Language Model as Unified Encoder in Image Generationcited by 8
18 more
  1. 2025When Cultures Meet: Multicultural Text-to-Image Generationcited by 7
  2. 2026OrthoEraser: Coupled-Neuron Orthogonal Projection for Concept Erasurecited by 7
  3. 2024CGI-DM: Digital Copyright Authentication for Diffusion Models via Contrasting Gradient Inversioncited by 6
  4. 2023PEA-Diffusion: Parameter-Efficient Adapter with Knowledge Distillation in non-English Text-to-Image Generationcited by 5
  5. 2024FlexCache: Flexible Approximate Cache System for Video Diffusioncited by 5
  6. 2025PIXELS: Progressive Image Xemplar-based Editing with Latent Surgerycited by 5
  7. 2023iDesigner: A High-Resolution and Complex-Prompt Following Text-to-Image Diffusion Model for Interior Designcited by 4
  8. 2023PanGu-Draw: Advancing Resource-Efficient Text-to-Image Synthesis with Time-Decoupled Training and Reusable Coop-Diffusioncited by 3
  9. 2024Developing ChatGPT for Biology and Medicine: A Complete Review of Biomedical Question Answeringcited by 3
  10. 2024MuLan: Adapting Multilingual Diffusion Models for Hundreds of Languages with Negligible Costcited by 3
  11. 2025LDGen: Enhancing Text-to-Image Synthesis via Large Language Model-Driven Language Representationcited by 3
  12. 2025Evaluation of Cultural Competence of Vision-Language Modelscited by 3
  13. 2024Leveraging Model Guidance to Extract Training Data from Personalized Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  14. 2026Multilingual-To-Multimodal (M2M): Unlocking New Languages with Monolingual Textcited by 0
  15. 2026SoS: Analysis of Surface over Semantics in Multilingual Text-To-Image Generationcited by 0
  16. 2026LogoDiffuser: Training-Free Multilingual Logo Generation and Stylization via Letter-Aware Attention Controlcited by 0
  17. 2026SciDraw-6K: A Multilingual Scientific Illustration Dataset Generated by Google Geminicited by 0
  18. 2026BAFIS: Dataset + Framework to assess occupational Bias and Human Preference in modern Text-to-image Modelscited by 0

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