Robust Monocular Depth Estimation under Challenging Conditions
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Abstract (arXiv)
While state-of-the-art monocular depth estimation approaches achieve impressive results in ideal settings, they are highly unreliable under challenging illumination and weather conditions, such as at nighttime or in the presence of rain. In this paper, we uncover these safety-critical issues and tackle them with md4all: a simple and effective solution that works reliably under both adverse and ideal conditions, as well as for different types of learning supervision. We achieve this by exploiting the efficacy of existing methods under perfect settings. Therefore, we provide valid training signals independently of what is in the input. First, we generate a set of complex samples corresponding to the normal training ones. Then, we train the model by guiding its self- or full-supervision by feeding the generated samples and computing the standard losses on the corresponding original images. Doing so enables a single model to recover information across diverse conditions without modifications at inference time. Extensive experiments on two challenging public datasets, namely nuScenes and Oxford RobotCar, demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques, outperforming prior works by a large margin in both standard and challenging conditions. Source code and data are available at: https://md4all.github.io.
Key facts. Cited by 58 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2023.
Builds on
35 of 48 references.
References · 35
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,300
- 2018BDD100K: A Diverse Driving Dataset for Heterogeneous Multitask Learningcited by 1,288
- 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,274
- 2016Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistencycited by 820
- 2017Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Videocited by 782
- 2018Deep Ordinal Regression Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 723
- 2017Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networkscited by 707
- 2020AdaBins: Depth Estimation using Adaptive Binscited by 601
- 20193D Packing for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 439
23 more
- 2016Deeper Depth Prediction with Fully Convolutional Residual Networkscited by 403
- 2019From Big to Small: Multi-Scale Local Planar Guidance for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 382
- 2016Unsupervised CNN for Single View Depth Estimation: Geometry to the Rescuecited by 368
- 2020On the uncertainty of self-supervised monocular depth estimationcited by 182
- 2022MonoViT: Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation with a Vision Transformercited by 136
- 2020Semantically-Guided Representation Learning for Self-Supervised Monocular Depthcited by 134
- 2022MonoDTR: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Transformercited by 109
- 2022P3Depth: Monocular Depth Estimation with a Piecewise Planarity Priorcited by 107
- 2022Boreas: A Multi-Season Autonomous Driving Datasetcited by 76
- 2019Learning monocular depth estimation infusing traditional stereo knowledgecited by 64
- 2021Channel-Wise Attention-Based Network for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 63
- 2020DeFeat-Net: General Monocular Depth via Simultaneous Unsupervised Representation Learningcited by 60
- 2021Regularizing Nighttime Weirdness: Efficient Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation in the Darkcited by 58
- 2022Ithaca365: Dataset and Driving Perception under Repeated and Challenging Weather Conditionscited by 48
- 2021Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation for All Day Images using Domain Separationcited by 44
- 2021Full Surround Monodepth from Multiple Camerascited by 41
- 2021R4Dyn: Exploring Radar for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation of Dynamic Scenescited by 36
- 2020Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation for Night-time Images using Adversarial Domain Feature Adaptationcited by 35
- 2022Learning Optical Flow, Depth, and Scene Flow without Real-World Labelscited by 31
- 2021Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation in Highly Complex Environmentscited by 28
- 2023On the Importance of Accurate Geometry Data for Dense 3D Vision Taskscited by 26
- 2022When the Sun Goes Down: Repairing Photometric Losses for All-Day Depth Estimationcited by 24
- 2023EVEN: An Event-Based Framework for Monocular Depth Estimation at Adverse Night Conditionscited by 19
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 23; 2025: 19; 2026: 11.
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- 2025UniDepthV2: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimation Made Simplercited by 173
- 2024Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimation: Overcoming Challenging Conditionscited by 29
- 2025Synthetic-to-Real Self-supervised Robust Depth Estimation via Learning with Motion and Structure Priorscited by 22
- 2024Digging into contrastive learning for robust depth estimation with diffusion modelscited by 19
- 2023WeatherDepth: Curriculum Contrastive Learning for Self-Supervised Depth Estimation under Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 15
- 2024Deep Learning-based Depth Estimation Methods from Monocular Image and Videos: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 15
- 2024Calib3D: Calibrating Model Preferences for Reliable 3D Scene Understandingcited by 11
- 2024The Third Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 10
- 2025BevSplat: Resolving Height Ambiguity via Feature-Based Gaussian Primitives for Weakly-Supervised Cross-View Localizationcited by 8
- 2025The Fourth Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 8
- 2024Stealing Stable Diffusion Prior for Robust Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 7
- 2024Dusk Till Dawn: Self-supervised Nighttime Stereo Depth Estimation using Visual Foundation Modelscited by 6
38 more
- 2025Always Clear Depth: Robust Monocular Depth Estimation under Adverse Weathercited by 6
- 2023EC-Depth: Exploring the consistency of self-supervised monocular depth estimation in challenging scenescited by 5
- 2024RIDERS: Radar-Infrared Depth Estimation for Robust Sensingcited by 5
- 20233D Adversarial Augmentations for Robust Out-of-Domain Predictionscited by 4
- 2024When Cars meet Drones: Hyperbolic Federated Learning for Source-Free Domain Adaptation in Adverse Weathercited by 4
- 2024Adverse Weather Optical Flow: Cumulative Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Adaptationcited by 4
- 2025ER-LoRA: Effective-Rank Guided Adaptation for Weather-Generalized Depth Estimationcited by 4
- 2023Depth Estimation from a Single Optical Encoded Image using a Learned Colored-Coded Aperturecited by 3
- 2025DOC-Depth: A novel approach for dense depth ground truth generationcited by 3
- 2025EvidMTL: Evidential Multi-Task Learning for Uncertainty-Aware Semantic Surface Mapping from Monocular RGB Imagescited by 3
- 2025From Ideal to Real: Unified and Data-Efficient Dense Prediction for Real-World Scenarioscited by 3
- 2025HuPrior3R: Incorporating Human Priors for Better 3D Dynamic Reconstruction from Monocular Videoscited by 3
- 2024NeRFmentation: NeRF-based Augmentation for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2024LED: Light Enhanced Depth Estimation at Nightcited by 2
- 2024Structure-Centric Robust Monocular Depth Estimation via Knowledge Distillationcited by 2
- 2025RoSe: Robust Self-supervised Stereo Matching under Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 2
- 2025Learning Depth from Past Selves: Self-Evolution Contrast for Robust Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2025Visual Heading Prediction for Autonomous Aerial Vehiclescited by 2
- 2024Robust Inverse Graphics via Probabilistic Inferencecited by 1
- 2024Depth Priors in Removal Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1
- 2024Learning Monocular Depth from Focus with Event Focal Stackcited by 1
- 2024Multi-Modality Driven LoRA for Adverse Condition Depth Estimationcited by 1
- 2024MetricDepth: Enhancing Monocular Depth Estimation with Deep Metric Learningcited by 1
- 2025PromptMono: Cross Prompting Attention for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation in Challenging Environmentscited by 1
- 2025EGSA-PT:Edge-Guided Spatial Attention with Progressive Training for Monocular Depth Estimation and Segmentation of Transparent Objectscited by 1
- 2025Boosting Monocular Metric Depth Estimation via Bokeh Renderingcited by 1
- 2026Adapting Depth Anything to Adverse Imaging Conditions with Eventscited by 1
- 2026Depth-Aware Image and Video Orientation Estimationcited by 1
- 2026Absorption-Feature-Guided Distance-Decoupled Estimation and Band Selection for LWIR Hyperspectral Passive Rangingcited by 1
- 2026Pixel Ignores, Superpixel Sees: Adverse Weather Image Restoration via Semantic-Center SSMcited by 1
- 2023Re-Nerfing: Improving Novel View Synthesis through Novel View Synthesiscited by 0
- 2024KPNDepth: Depth Estimation of Lane Images under Complex Rainy Environmentcited by 0
- 2024Shape2.5D: A Dataset of Texture-less Surfaces for Depth and Normals Estimationcited by 0
- 2024EDADepth: Enhanced Data Augmentation for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2024PhysDepth: Plug-and-Play Physical Refinement for Monocular Depth Estimation in Challenging Environmentscited by 0
- 2024Revisiting Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth Thickness Fieldcited by 0
- 2025Improving Geometric Consistency for 360-Degree Neural Radiance Fields in Indoor Scenarioscited by 0
- 2025Intrinsic Image Decomposition for Robust Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation on Reflective Surfacescited by 0
50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026AnalogDepth: Multi-view Geometry from FPV drones under Analog Video Transmission21 Sep 2026
- 2026Weather-Conditioned Depth Anything4 Sep 2026
- 2026Pixel Ignores, Superpixel Sees: Adverse Weather Image Restoration via Semantic-Center SSM3 Aug 2026
- 2026Boosting Robustness for All-Weather Self-Supervised Depth Estimation in Autonomous Driving23 Jul 2026
- 2026Absorption-Feature-Guided Distance-Decoupled Estimation and Band Selection for LWIR Hyperspectral Passive Ranging30 Jun 2026
- 2026Scratched Lenses, Shifted Depth: Passive Camera-Side Optical Attacks12 Jun 2026
- 2026AnyMod-LLVE: Low-Light Video Enhancement with Modality-Agnostic Inference9 Jun 2026
- 2026SA4Depth: Consistent Pose-Depth Scale Alignment for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation27 May 2026
- 2026Depth-Aware Image and Video Orientation Estimation15 Apr 2026
- 2026LiDAR-Anchored Collaborative Distillation for Robust 2D Representations13 Feb 2026
- 2026Adapting Depth Anything to Adverse Imaging Conditions with Events5 Jan 2026
- 2025DASP: Self-supervised Nighttime Monocular Depth Estimation with Domain Adaptation of Spatiotemporal Priors16 Dec 2025
38 more
- 2025Boosting Monocular Metric Depth Estimation via Bokeh Rendering13 Dec 2025
- 2025Visual Heading Prediction for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles10 Dec 2025
- 2025HuPrior3R: Incorporating Human Priors for Better 3D Dynamic Reconstruction from Monocular Videos6 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning Depth from Past Selves: Self-Evolution Contrast for Robust Depth Estimation19 Nov 2025
- 2025EGSA-PT:Edge-Guided Spatial Attention with Progressive Training for Monocular Depth Estimation and Segmentation of Transparent Objects18 Nov 2025
- 2025RoSe: Robust Self-supervised Stereo Matching under Adverse Weather Conditions23 Sep 2025
- 2025ER-LoRA: Effective-Rank Guided Adaptation for Weather-Generalized Depth Estimation31 Aug 2025
- 2025From Ideal to Real: Unified and Data-Efficient Dense Prediction for Real-World Scenarios25 Jun 2025
- 2025Always Clear Depth: Robust Monocular Depth Estimation under Adverse Weather18 May 2025
- 2025The Fourth Monocular Depth Estimation Challenge24 Apr 2025
- 2025Intrinsic Image Decomposition for Robust Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation on Reflective Surfaces28 Mar 2025
- 2025Synthetic-to-Real Self-supervised Robust Depth Estimation via Learning with Motion and Structure Priors26 Mar 2025
- 2025Improving Geometric Consistency for 360-Degree Neural Radiance Fields in Indoor Scenarios17 Mar 2025
- 2025EvidMTL: Evidential Multi-Task Learning for Uncertainty-Aware Semantic Surface Mapping from Monocular RGB Images6 Mar 2025
- 2025UniDepthV2: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimation Made Simpler27 Feb 2025
- 2025BevSplat: Resolving Height Ambiguity via Feature-Based Gaussian Primitives for Weakly-Supervised Cross-View Localization13 Feb 2025
- 2025DOC-Depth: A novel approach for dense depth ground truth generation4 Feb 2025
- 2025PromptMono: Cross Prompting Attention for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation in Challenging Environments23 Jan 2025
- 2024MetricDepth: Enhancing Monocular Depth Estimation with Deep Metric Learning29 Dec 2024
- 2024Multi-Modality Driven LoRA for Adverse Condition Depth Estimation28 Dec 2024
- 2024Revisiting Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth Thickness Field26 Dec 2024
- 2024PhysDepth: Plug-and-Play Physical Refinement for Monocular Depth Estimation in Challenging Environments5 Dec 2024
- 2024Structure-Centric Robust Monocular Depth Estimation via Knowledge Distillation9 Oct 2024
- 2024Adverse Weather Optical Flow: Cumulative Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Adaptation25 Sep 2024
- 2024LED: Light Enhanced Depth Estimation at Night12 Sep 2024
- 2024EDADepth: Enhanced Data Augmentation for Monocular Depth Estimation10 Sep 2024
- 2024Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimation: Overcoming Challenging Conditions23 Jul 2024
- 2024Deep Learning-based Depth Estimation Methods from Monocular Image and Videos: A Comprehensive Survey28 Jun 2024
- 2024Shape2.5D: A Dataset of Texture-less Surfaces for Depth and Normals Estimation22 Jun 2024
- 2024Dusk Till Dawn: Self-supervised Nighttime Stereo Depth Estimation using Visual Foundation Models18 May 2024
- 2024KPNDepth: Depth Estimation of Lane Images under Complex Rainy Environment16 May 2024
- 2024Learning Monocular Depth from Focus with Event Focal Stack11 May 2024
- 2024Depth Priors in Removal Neural Radiance Fields1 May 2024
- 2024The Third Monocular Depth Estimation Challenge25 Apr 2024
- 2024Digging into contrastive learning for robust depth estimation with diffusion models15 Apr 2024
- 2024Calib3D: Calibrating Model Preferences for Reliable 3D Scene Understanding25 Mar 2024
- 2024When Cars meet Drones: Hyperbolic Federated Learning for Source-Free Domain Adaptation in Adverse Weather20 Mar 2024
- 2024Stealing Stable Diffusion Prior for Robust Monocular Depth Estimation8 Mar 2024
50 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2024Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimation: Overcoming Challenging Conditionscited by 29
- 2024Digging into contrastive learning for robust depth estimation with diffusion modelscited by 19
- 2024Stealing Stable Diffusion Prior for Robust Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 7
- 2025Always Clear Depth: Robust Monocular Depth Estimation under Adverse Weathercited by 6
- 2024EDADepth: Enhanced Data Augmentation for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2025Always Clear Depth: Robust Monocular Depth Estimation under Adverse Weather18 May 2025
- 2024EDADepth: Enhanced Data Augmentation for Monocular Depth Estimation10 Sep 2024
- 2024Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimation: Overcoming Challenging Conditions23 Jul 2024
- 2024Digging into contrastive learning for robust depth estimation with diffusion models15 Apr 2024
- 2024Stealing Stable Diffusion Prior for Robust Monocular Depth Estimation8 Mar 2024
- 2025UniDepthV2: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimation Made Simplercited by 173
- 2025Synthetic-to-Real Self-supervised Robust Depth Estimation via Learning with Motion and Structure Priorscited by 22
- 2023WeatherDepth: Curriculum Contrastive Learning for Self-Supervised Depth Estimation under Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 15
- 2024Deep Learning-based Depth Estimation Methods from Monocular Image and Videos: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 15
- 2024Calib3D: Calibrating Model Preferences for Reliable 3D Scene Understandingcited by 11
- 2024The Third Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 10
- 2025BevSplat: Resolving Height Ambiguity via Feature-Based Gaussian Primitives for Weakly-Supervised Cross-View Localizationcited by 8
- 2025The Fourth Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 8
- 2024Dusk Till Dawn: Self-supervised Nighttime Stereo Depth Estimation using Visual Foundation Modelscited by 6
- 2023EC-Depth: Exploring the consistency of self-supervised monocular depth estimation in challenging scenescited by 5
- 2024RIDERS: Radar-Infrared Depth Estimation for Robust Sensingcited by 5
- 20233D Adversarial Augmentations for Robust Out-of-Domain Predictionscited by 4
12 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
- 2026AnalogDepth: Multi-view Geometry from FPV drones under Analog Video Transmission21 Sep 2026
- 2026Weather-Conditioned Depth Anything4 Sep 2026
- 2026Pixel Ignores, Superpixel Sees: Adverse Weather Image Restoration via Semantic-Center SSM3 Aug 2026
- 2026Boosting Robustness for All-Weather Self-Supervised Depth Estimation in Autonomous Driving23 Jul 2026
- 2026Absorption-Feature-Guided Distance-Decoupled Estimation and Band Selection for LWIR Hyperspectral Passive Ranging30 Jun 2026
- 2026Scratched Lenses, Shifted Depth: Passive Camera-Side Optical Attacks12 Jun 2026
- 2026AnyMod-LLVE: Low-Light Video Enhancement with Modality-Agnostic Inference9 Jun 2026
- 2026SA4Depth: Consistent Pose-Depth Scale Alignment for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation27 May 2026
- 2026Depth-Aware Image and Video Orientation Estimation15 Apr 2026
- 2026LiDAR-Anchored Collaborative Distillation for Robust 2D Representations13 Feb 2026
- 2026Adapting Depth Anything to Adverse Imaging Conditions with Events5 Jan 2026
- 2025DASP: Self-supervised Nighttime Monocular Depth Estimation with Domain Adaptation of Spatiotemporal Priors16 Dec 2025
12 newest of 52 All 52 (JSON)