RCM-Fusion: Radar-Camera Multi-Level Fusion for 3D Object Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
While LiDAR sensors have been successfully applied to 3D object detection, the affordability of radar and camera sensors has led to a growing interest in fusing radars and cameras for 3D object detection. However, previous radar-camera fusion models were unable to fully utilize the potential of radar information. In this paper, we propose Radar-Camera Multi-level fusion (RCM-Fusion), which attempts to fuse both modalities at both feature and instance levels. For feature-level fusion, we propose a Radar Guided BEV Encoder which transforms camera features into precise BEV representations using the guidance of radar Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) features and combines the radar and camera BEV features. For instance-level fusion, we propose a Radar Grid Point Refinement module that reduces localization error by accounting for the characteristics of the radar point clouds. The experiments conducted on the public nuScenes dataset demonstrate that our proposed RCM-Fusion achieves state-of-the-art performances among single frame-based radar-camera fusion methods in the nuScenes 3D object detection benchmark. Code will be made publicly available.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jul 2023.
Builds on
42 of 51 references.
References · 42
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30 more
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- 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 711
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- 2020CenterFusion: Center-based Radar and Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 159
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 8; 2025: 7; 2026: 7.
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- 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Visioncited by 37
- 2024RadarDistill: Boosting Radar-based Object Detection Performance via Knowledge Distillation from LiDAR Featurescited by 27
- 2024CRKD: Enhanced Camera-Radar Object Detection with Cross-modality Knowledge Distillationcited by 27
- 2024LiCROcc: Teach Radar for Accurate Semantic Occupancy Prediction using LiDAR and Cameracited by 18
- 2024CRT-Fusion: Camera, Radar, Temporal Fusion Using Motion Information for 3D Object Detectioncited by 18
- 2024Talk2Radar: Bridging Natural Language with 4D mmWave Radar for 3D Referring Expression Comprehensioncited by 17
- 2024SpaRC: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 8
- 2023ClusterFusion: Leveraging Radar Spatial Features for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 5
- 2025CORENet: Cross-Modal 4D Radar Denoising Network with LiDAR Supervision for Autonomous Drivingcited by 4
- 2025Integrating Multi-Modal Sensors: A Review of Fusion Techniques for Intelligent Vehiclescited by 3
- 2025RCTDistill: Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation Framework for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection with Temporal Fusioncited by 3
- 2024A Survey of Deep Learning Based Radar and Vision Fusion for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
11 more
- 2025CRAB: Camera-Radar Fusion for Reducing Depth Ambiguity in Backward Projection based View Transformationcited by 2
- 2026Boosting Instance Awareness via Cross-View Correlation with 4D Radar and Camera for 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2024FADet: A Multi-sensor 3D Object Detection Network based on Local Featured Attentioncited by 1
- 2025SpaRC-AD: A Baseline for Radar-Camera Fusion in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2025REOcc: Camera-Radar Fusion with Radar Feature Enrichment for 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 1
- 2026Control Your Queries: Heterogeneous Query Interaction for Camera-Radar Fusioncited by 0
- 2026REFNet++: Multi-Task Efficient Fusion of Camera and Radar Sensor Data in Bird's-Eye Polar Viewcited by 0
- 2026Horizon3D: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for Long-Range 3D Perception in Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026MATS: A novel multi-modality multi-task learning framework for 3D perception in autonomous drivingcited by 0
- 2026RSFusionDet: Underwater RGB-Sonar Multimodal Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026SGDet3D++: Geometry-Grounded Semantics for 4D Radar and Camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026SGDet3D++: Geometry-Grounded Semantics for 4D Radar and Camera 3D Object Detection23 Sep 2026
- 2026RSFusionDet: Underwater RGB-Sonar Multimodal Object Detection26 Aug 2026
- 2026MATS: A novel multi-modality multi-task learning framework for 3D perception in autonomous driving27 Jul 2026
- 2026Horizon3D: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for Long-Range 3D Perception in Autonomous Driving30 Jun 2026
- 2026REFNet++: Multi-Task Efficient Fusion of Camera and Radar Sensor Data in Bird's-Eye Polar View12 May 2026
- 2026Control Your Queries: Heterogeneous Query Interaction for Camera-Radar Fusion28 Apr 2026
- 2026Boosting Instance Awareness via Cross-View Correlation with 4D Radar and Camera for 3D Object Detection24 Feb 2026
- 2025REOcc: Camera-Radar Fusion with Radar Feature Enrichment for 3D Occupancy Prediction10 Nov 2025
- 2025RCTDistill: Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation Framework for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection with Temporal Fusion22 Sep 2025
- 2025CRAB: Camera-Radar Fusion for Reducing Depth Ambiguity in Backward Projection based View Transformation6 Sep 2025
- 2025CORENet: Cross-Modal 4D Radar Denoising Network with LiDAR Supervision for Autonomous Driving19 Aug 2025
- 2025SpaRC-AD: A Baseline for Radar-Camera Fusion in End-to-End Autonomous Driving14 Aug 2025
11 more
- 2025Integrating Multi-Modal Sensors: A Review of Fusion Techniques for Intelligent Vehicles27 Jun 2025
- 2025Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Vision3 Apr 2025
- 2024SpaRC: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection29 Nov 2024
- 2024CRT-Fusion: Camera, Radar, Temporal Fusion Using Motion Information for 3D Object Detection5 Nov 2024
- 2024LiCROcc: Teach Radar for Accurate Semantic Occupancy Prediction using LiDAR and Camera23 Jul 2024
- 2024A Survey of Deep Learning Based Radar and Vision Fusion for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving2 Jun 2024
- 2024Talk2Radar: Bridging Natural Language with 4D mmWave Radar for 3D Referring Expression Comprehension21 May 2024
- 2024FADet: A Multi-sensor 3D Object Detection Network based on Local Featured Attention19 May 2024
- 2024CRKD: Enhanced Camera-Radar Object Detection with Cross-modality Knowledge Distillation28 Mar 2024
- 2024RadarDistill: Boosting Radar-based Object Detection Performance via Knowledge Distillation from LiDAR Features8 Mar 2024
- 2023ClusterFusion: Leveraging Radar Spatial Features for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicles7 Sep 2023
- 2024RadarDistill: Boosting Radar-based Object Detection Performance via Knowledge Distillation from LiDAR Featurescited by 27
- 2024CRKD: Enhanced Camera-Radar Object Detection with Cross-modality Knowledge Distillationcited by 27
- 2024LiCROcc: Teach Radar for Accurate Semantic Occupancy Prediction using LiDAR and Cameracited by 18
- 2024CRT-Fusion: Camera, Radar, Temporal Fusion Using Motion Information for 3D Object Detectioncited by 18
- 2024Talk2Radar: Bridging Natural Language with 4D mmWave Radar for 3D Referring Expression Comprehensioncited by 17
- 2024SpaRC: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 8
- 2023ClusterFusion: Leveraging Radar Spatial Features for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 5
- 2025CORENet: Cross-Modal 4D Radar Denoising Network with LiDAR Supervision for Autonomous Drivingcited by 4
- 2025Integrating Multi-Modal Sensors: A Review of Fusion Techniques for Intelligent Vehiclescited by 3
- 2025RCTDistill: Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation Framework for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection with Temporal Fusioncited by 3
- 2025CRAB: Camera-Radar Fusion for Reducing Depth Ambiguity in Backward Projection based View Transformationcited by 2
- 2026Boosting Instance Awareness via Cross-View Correlation with 4D Radar and Camera for 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026SGDet3D++: Geometry-Grounded Semantics for 4D Radar and Camera 3D Object Detection23 Sep 2026
- 2026RSFusionDet: Underwater RGB-Sonar Multimodal Object Detection26 Aug 2026
- 2026MATS: A novel multi-modality multi-task learning framework for 3D perception in autonomous driving27 Jul 2026
- 2026Horizon3D: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for Long-Range 3D Perception in Autonomous Driving30 Jun 2026
- 2026REFNet++: Multi-Task Efficient Fusion of Camera and Radar Sensor Data in Bird's-Eye Polar View12 May 2026
- 2026Control Your Queries: Heterogeneous Query Interaction for Camera-Radar Fusion28 Apr 2026
- 2026Boosting Instance Awareness via Cross-View Correlation with 4D Radar and Camera for 3D Object Detection24 Feb 2026
- 2025REOcc: Camera-Radar Fusion with Radar Feature Enrichment for 3D Occupancy Prediction10 Nov 2025
- 2025RCTDistill: Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation Framework for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection with Temporal Fusion22 Sep 2025
- 2025CRAB: Camera-Radar Fusion for Reducing Depth Ambiguity in Backward Projection based View Transformation6 Sep 2025
- 2025CORENet: Cross-Modal 4D Radar Denoising Network with LiDAR Supervision for Autonomous Driving19 Aug 2025
- 2025Integrating Multi-Modal Sensors: A Review of Fusion Techniques for Intelligent Vehicles27 Jun 2025
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)