Neural Architecture Design and Robustness: A Dataset
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep learning models have proven to be successful in a wide range of machine learning tasks. Yet, they are often highly sensitive to perturbations on the input data which can lead to incorrect decisions with high confidence, hampering their deployment for practical use-cases. Thus, finding architectures that are (more) robust against perturbations has received much attention in recent years. Just like the search for well-performing architectures in terms of clean accuracy, this usually involves a tedious trial-and-error process with one additional challenge: the evaluation of a network's robustness is significantly more expensive than its evaluation for clean accuracy. Thus, the aim of this paper is to facilitate better streamlined research on architectural design choices with respect to their impact on robustness as well as, for example, the evaluation of surrogate measures for robustness. We therefore borrow one of the most commonly considered search spaces for neural architecture search for image classification, NAS-Bench-201, which contains a manageable size of 6466 non-isomorphic network designs. We evaluate all these networks on a range of common adversarial attacks and corruption types and introduce a database on neural architecture design and robustness evaluations. We further present three exemplary use cases of this dataset, in which we (i) benchmark robustness measurements based on Jacobian and Hessian matrices for their robustness predictability, (ii) perform neural architecture search on robust accuracies, and (iii) provide an initial analysis of how architectural design choices affect robustness. We find that carefully crafting the topology of a network can have substantial impact on its robustness, where networks with the same parameter count range in mean adversarial robust accuracy from 20%-41%. Code and data is available at http://robustness.vision/.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2023.
Builds on
45 of 55 references.
References · 45
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- 2015Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on ImageNet Classificationcited by 3,611
- 2019Benchmarking Neural Network Robustness to Common Corruptions and Perturbationscited by 2,877
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33 more
- 2020RobustBench: a standardized adversarial robustness benchmarkcited by 661
- 2019On Evaluating Adversarial Robustnesscited by 447
- 2020NAS-Bench-201: Extending the Scope of Reproducible Neural Architecture Searchcited by 416
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- 2018Feature Denoising for Improving Adversarial Robustnesscited by 314
- 2018SNAS: Stochastic Neural Architecture Searchcited by 289
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 4; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
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- 2023Robust Principles: Architectural Design Principles for Adversarially Robust CNNscited by 46
- 2023A Benchmark Study on Calibrationcited by 11
- 2024Surprisingly Strong Performance Prediction with Neural Graph Featurescited by 11
- 2023Improving Feature Stability during Upsampling -- Spectral Artifacts and the Importance of Spatial Contextcited by 8
- 2025RobustSpring: Benchmarking Robustness to Image Corruptions for Optical Flow, Scene Flow and Stereocited by 7
- 2024Robust NAS under adversarial training: benchmark, theory, and beyondcited by 6
- 2024FAIR-TAT: Improving Model Fairness Using Targeted Adversarial Trainingcited by 5
- 2024Towards Class-wise Robustness Analysiscited by 3
- 2023An Evaluation of Zero-Cost Proxies -- from Neural Architecture Performance to Model Robustnesscited by 1
- 2023On the Interplay of Convolutional Padding and Adversarial Robustnesscited by 1
- 2025Vision Transformer Neural Architecture Search for Out-of-Distribution Generalization: Benchmark and Insightscited by 0
- 2025ProARD: progressive adversarial robustness distillation: provide wide range of robust studentscited by 0
- 2026RL-FAT: Reinforcement Learning for Fair Adversarial Training29 Aug 2026
- 2026NERO-Net: A Neuroevolutionary Approach for the Design of Adversarially Robust CNNs26 Mar 2026
- 2025TRIX- Trading Adversarial Fairness via Mixed Adversarial Training10 Jul 2025
- 2025ProARD: progressive adversarial robustness distillation: provide wide range of robust students9 Jun 2025
- 2025RobustSpring: Benchmarking Robustness to Image Corruptions for Optical Flow, Scene Flow and Stereo14 May 2025
- 2025Vision Transformer Neural Architecture Search for Out-of-Distribution Generalization: Benchmark and Insights7 Jan 2025
- 2024Towards Class-wise Robustness Analysis29 Nov 2024
- 2024FAIR-TAT: Improving Model Fairness Using Targeted Adversarial Training30 Oct 2024
- 2024Surprisingly Strong Performance Prediction with Neural Graph Features25 Apr 2024
- 2024Robust NAS under adversarial training: benchmark, theory, and beyond19 Mar 2024
- 2023Improving Feature Stability during Upsampling -- Spectral Artifacts and the Importance of Spatial Context29 Nov 2023
- 2023Robust Principles: Architectural Design Principles for Adversarially Robust CNNs30 Aug 2023
3 more
- 2026RL-FAT: Reinforcement Learning for Fair Adversarial Training29 Aug 2026
- 2023Robust Principles: Architectural Design Principles for Adversarially Robust CNNscited by 46
- 2023A Benchmark Study on Calibrationcited by 11
- 2024Surprisingly Strong Performance Prediction with Neural Graph Featurescited by 11
- 2023Improving Feature Stability during Upsampling -- Spectral Artifacts and the Importance of Spatial Contextcited by 8
- 2025RobustSpring: Benchmarking Robustness to Image Corruptions for Optical Flow, Scene Flow and Stereocited by 7
- 2024Robust NAS under adversarial training: benchmark, theory, and beyondcited by 6
- 2024FAIR-TAT: Improving Model Fairness Using Targeted Adversarial Trainingcited by 5
- 2024Towards Class-wise Robustness Analysiscited by 3
- 2023An Evaluation of Zero-Cost Proxies -- from Neural Architecture Performance to Model Robustnesscited by 1
- 2023On the Interplay of Convolutional Padding and Adversarial Robustnesscited by 1
- 2025Vision Transformer Neural Architecture Search for Out-of-Distribution Generalization: Benchmark and Insightscited by 0
- 2025TRIX- Trading Adversarial Fairness via Mixed Adversarial Trainingcited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026NERO-Net: A Neuroevolutionary Approach for the Design of Adversarially Robust CNNs26 Mar 2026
- 2025TRIX- Trading Adversarial Fairness via Mixed Adversarial Training10 Jul 2025
- 2025RobustSpring: Benchmarking Robustness to Image Corruptions for Optical Flow, Scene Flow and Stereo14 May 2025
- 2025Vision Transformer Neural Architecture Search for Out-of-Distribution Generalization: Benchmark and Insights7 Jan 2025
- 2024Towards Class-wise Robustness Analysis29 Nov 2024
- 2024FAIR-TAT: Improving Model Fairness Using Targeted Adversarial Training30 Oct 2024
- 2024Surprisingly Strong Performance Prediction with Neural Graph Features25 Apr 2024
- 2024Robust NAS under adversarial training: benchmark, theory, and beyond19 Mar 2024
- 2023Improving Feature Stability during Upsampling -- Spectral Artifacts and the Importance of Spatial Context29 Nov 2023
- 2023Robust Principles: Architectural Design Principles for Adversarially Robust CNNs30 Aug 2023
- 2023A Benchmark Study on Calibration23 Aug 2023
- 2023On the Interplay of Convolutional Padding and Adversarial Robustness12 Aug 2023
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)