Evaluating Machine Translation Quality with Conformal Predictive Distributions
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents a new approach for assessing uncertainty in machine translation by simultaneously evaluating translation quality and providing a reliable confidence score. Our approach utilizes conformal predictive distributions to produce prediction intervals with guaranteed coverage, meaning that for any given significance level ε, we can expect the true quality score of a translation to fall out of the interval at a rate of 1-ε. In this paper, we demonstrate how our method outperforms a simple, but effective baseline on six different language pairs in terms of coverage and sharpness. Furthermore, we validate that our approach requires the data exchangeability assumption to hold for optimal performance.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Jun 2023.
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20 of 37 references.
References · 20
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8 more
- 2023Conformal Nucleus Samplingcited by 32
- 2021Retrain or not retrain: Conformal test martingales for change-point detectioncited by 28
- 2021Conformal prediction for text infilling and part-of-speech predictioncited by 22
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 4; 2025: 3.
9 papers.
- 2023Uncertainty in Natural Language Generation: From Theory to Applicationscited by 61
- 2024Conformal Prediction for Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 52
- 2024Conformal Prediction: A Data Perspectivecited by 25
- 2024Non-Exchangeable Conformal Language Generation with Nearest Neighborscited by 21
- 2025Reliable Text-to-SQL with Adaptive Abstentioncited by 19
- 2023Conformalizing Machine Translation Evaluationcited by 5
- 2024Calibrated Large Language Models for Binary Question Answeringcited by 3
- 2025ORCA: Open-ended Response Correctness Assessment for Audio Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2025PIE: Performance Interval Estimation for Free-Form Generation Taskscited by 1
- 2025ORCA: Open-ended Response Correctness Assessment for Audio Question Answering28 Nov 2025
- 2025PIE: Performance Interval Estimation for Free-Form Generation Tasks9 Sep 2025
- 2025Reliable Text-to-SQL with Adaptive Abstention18 Jan 2025
- 2024Conformal Prediction: A Data Perspective9 Oct 2024
- 2024Calibrated Large Language Models for Binary Question Answering1 Jul 2024
- 2024Conformal Prediction for Natural Language Processing: A Survey3 May 2024
- 2024Non-Exchangeable Conformal Language Generation with Nearest Neighbors1 Feb 2024
- 2023Uncertainty in Natural Language Generation: From Theory to Applications28 Jul 2023
- 2023Conformalizing Machine Translation Evaluation9 Jun 2023