mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

End-to-End Document Classification and Key Information Extraction using Assignment Optimization

arXiv 2306.00750 ↗First posted 1 Jun 2023cs.IR cs.AI cs.LGcited by 1

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

We propose end-to-end document classification and key information extraction (KIE) for automating document processing in forms. Through accurate document classification we harness known information from templates to enhance KIE from forms. We use text and layout encoding with a cosine similarity measure to classify visually-similar documents. We then demonstrate a novel application of mixed integer programming by using assignment optimization to extract key information from documents. Our approach is validated on an in-house dataset of noisy scanned forms. The best performing document classification approach achieved 0.97 f1 score. A mean f1 score of 0.94 for the KIE task suggests there is significant potential in applying optimization techniques. Abation results show that the method relies on document preprocessing techniques to mitigate Type II errors and achieve optimal performance.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jun 2023.

Builds on

35 of 65 references.

References · 35

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2013Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Spacecited by 4,375
  3. 2019LayoutLM: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Document Image Understandingcited by 553
  4. 2016Neural Architectures for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 550
  5. 2015Bidirectional LSTM-CRF Models for Sequence Taggingcited by 546
  6. 2018Universal Sentence Encodercited by 489
  7. 2022LayoutLMv3: Pre-training for Document AI with Unified Text and Image Maskingcited by 485
  8. 2020LayoutLMv2: Multi-modal Pre-training for Visually-Rich Document Understandingcited by 408
  9. 2021DocFormer: End-to-End Transformer for Document Understandingcited by 256
  10. 2015Evaluation of Deep Convolutional Nets for Document Image Classification and Retrievalcited by 213
  11. 2021Going Full-TILT Boogie on Document Understanding with Text-Image-Layout Transformercited by 134
  12. 2021SelfDoc: Self-Supervised Document Representation Learningcited by 117
23 more
  1. 2022LiLT: A Simple yet Effective Language-Independent Layout Transformer for Structured Document Understandingcited by 107
  2. 2018Chargrid: Towards Understanding 2D Documentscited by 100
  3. 2021StructuralLM: Structural Pre-training for Form Understandingcited by 91
  4. 2022TableFormer: Robust Transformer Modeling for Table-Text Encodingcited by 91
  5. 2021StrucTexT: Structured Text Understanding with Multi-Modal Transformerscited by 90
  6. 2022Unified Pretraining Framework for Document Understandingcited by 85
  7. 2020TableNet: Deep Learning model for end-to-end Table detection and Tabular data extraction from Scanned Document Imagescited by 69
  8. 2020Spatial Dependency Parsing for Semi-Structured Document Information Extractioncited by 65
  9. 2019BERTgrid: Contextualized Embedding for 2D Document Representation and Understandingcited by 63
  10. 2018Attend, Copy, Parse -- End-to-end information extraction from documentscited by 25
  11. 2019Multimodal deep networks for text and image-based document classificationcited by 24
  12. 2020CDeC-Net: Composite Deformable Cascade Network for Table Detection in Document Imagescited by 22
  13. 2019CUTIE: Learning to Understand Documents with Convolutional Universal Text Information Extractorcited by 21
  14. 2017Real-Time Document Image Classification using Deep CNN and Extreme Learning Machinescited by 14
  15. 2022VLCDoC: Vision-Language Contrastive Pre-Training Model for Cross-Modal Document Classificationcited by 14
  16. 2017Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks for Document Image Classificationcited by 13
  17. 2021Doc2Dict: Information Extraction as Text Generationcited by 6
  18. 2022TRIE++: Towards End-to-End Information Extraction from Visually Rich Documentscited by 6
  19. 2021Value Retrieval with Arbitrary Queries for Form-like Documentscited by 5
  20. 2021Field Extraction from Forms with Unlabeled Datacited by 4
  21. 2021Efficient Document Image Classification Using Region-Based Graph Neural Networkcited by 3
  22. 2021One-shot Key Information Extraction from Document with Deep Partial Graph Matchingcited by 3
  23. 2022Unimodal and Multimodal Representation Training for Relation Extractioncited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.

1 paper.