GMSF: Global Matching Scene Flow
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Abstract (arXiv)
We tackle the task of scene flow estimation from point clouds. Given a source and a target point cloud, the objective is to estimate a translation from each point in the source point cloud to the target, resulting in a 3D motion vector field. Previous dominant scene flow estimation methods require complicated coarse-to-fine or recurrent architectures as a multi-stage refinement. In contrast, we propose a significantly simpler single-scale one-shot global matching to address the problem. Our key finding is that reliable feature similarity between point pairs is essential and sufficient to estimate accurate scene flow. We thus propose to decompose the feature extraction step via a hybrid local-global-cross transformer architecture which is crucial to accurate and robust feature representations. Extensive experiments show that the proposed Global Matching Scene Flow (GMSF) sets a new state-of-the-art on multiple scene flow estimation benchmarks. On FlyingThings3D, with the presence of occlusion points, GMSF reduces the outlier percentage from the previous best performance of 27.4% to 5.6%. On KITTI Scene Flow, without any fine-tuning, our proposed method shows state-of-the-art performance. On the Waymo-Open dataset, the proposed method outperforms previous methods by a large margin. The code is available at https://github.com/ZhangYushan3/GMSF.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 55 of its 66 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 May 2023.
Builds on
55 of 66 references.
References · 55
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
- 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
- 2015ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repositorycited by 2,880
- 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,436
- 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
- 2018Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Cloudscited by 2,220
- 2020Point Transformercited by 1,462
- 2019SuperGlue: Learning Feature Matching with Graph Neural Networkscited by 1,437
- 2015FlowNet: Learning Optical Flow with Convolutional Networkscited by 1,054
- 2021LoFTR: Detector-Free Local Feature Matching with Transformerscited by 974
38 more
- 2017PWC-Net: CNNs for Optical Flow Using Pyramid, Warping, and Cost Volumecited by 966
- 2019BERT4Rec: Sequential Recommendation with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformercited by 952
- 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 878
- 2016FlowNet 2.0: Evolution of Optical Flow Estimation with Deep Networkscited by 780
- 2020PCT: Point cloud transformercited by 730
- 2021Point-BERT: Pre-training 3D Point Cloud Transformers with Masked Point Modelingcited by 647
- 2021GMFlow: Learning Optical Flow via Global Matchingcited by 324
- 2018FlowNet3D: Learning Scene Flow in 3D Point Cloudscited by 241
- 2020PointASNL: Robust Point Clouds Processing using Nonlocal Neural Networks with Adaptive Samplingcited by 238
- 2022Geometric Transformer for Fast and Robust Point Cloud Registrationcited by 200
- 20203D Object Detection with Pointformercited by 194
- 2020TERA: Self-Supervised Learning of Transformer Encoder Representation for Speechcited by 186
- 2018PPFNet: Global Context Aware Local Features for Robust 3D Point Matchingcited by 180
- 2022DKM: Dense Kernelized Feature Matching for Geometry Estimationcited by 174
- 2018The Perfect Match: 3D Point Cloud Matching with Smoothed Densitiescited by 169
- 2021CoFiNet: Reliable Coarse-to-fine Correspondences for Robust Point Cloud Registrationcited by 151
- 2018PPF-FoldNet: Unsupervised Learning of Rotation Invariant 3D Local Descriptorscited by 140
- 2020FLOT: Scene Flow on Point Clouds Guided by Optimal Transportcited by 129
- 2020RAFT-3D: Scene Flow using Rigid-Motion Embeddingscited by 121
- 2019HPLFlowNet: Hierarchical Permutohedral Lattice FlowNet for Scene Flow Estimation on Large-scale Point Cloudscited by 108
- 2021Neural Scene Flow Priorcited by 91
- 2020PV-RAFT: Point-Voxel Correlation Fields for Scene Flow Estimation of Point Cloudscited by 74
- 2020FlowStep3D: Model Unrolling for Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimationcited by 71
- 2023Rotation-Invariant Transformer for Point Cloud Matchingcited by 68
- 2022Global Matching with Overlapping Attention for Optical Flow Estimationcited by 64
- 2021CamLiFlow: Bidirectional Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Joint Optical Flow and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 56
- 2019FlowNet3D++: Geometric Losses For Deep Scene Flow Estimationcited by 55
- 2019Deep Rigid Instance Scene Flowcited by 54
- 2022ToolFlowNet: Robotic Manipulation with Tools via Predicting Tool Flow from Point Cloudscited by 54
- 2021Learning to Segment Rigid Motions from Two Framescited by 45
- 2020Scene Flow from Point Clouds with or without Learningcited by 44
- 2019PointPWC-Net: A Coarse-to-Fine Network for Supervised and Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimation on 3D Point Cloudscited by 38
- 2022Bi-PointFlowNet: Bidirectional Learning for Point Cloud Based Scene Flow Estimationcited by 38
- 2021HCRF-Flow: Scene Flow from Point Clouds with Continuous High-order CRFs and Position-aware Flow Embeddingcited by 36
- 2022Transformers in 3D Point Clouds: A Surveycited by 31
- 2022What Matters for 3D Scene Flow Networkcited by 31
- 2021FESTA: Flow Estimation via Spatial-Temporal Attention for Scene Point Cloudscited by 30
- 2022SCOOP: Self-Supervised Correspondence and Optimization-Based Scene Flowcited by 28
50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.
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- 2025Zero-Shot Monocular Scene Flow Estimation in the Wildcited by 20
- 20243DSFLabelling: Boosting 3D Scene Flow Estimation by Pseudo Auto-labellingcited by 14
- 2025HiMo: High-Speed Objects Motion Compensation in Point Cloudscited by 11
- 2025DeltaFlow: An Efficient Multi-frame Scene Flow Estimation Methodcited by 7
- 2024DiffSF: Diffusion Models for Scene Flow Estimationcited by 6
- 2026TeFlow: Enabling Multi-frame Supervision for Self-Supervised Feed-forward Scene Flow Estimationcited by 5
- 2024Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Neural Scene Flowcited by 3
- 2024NeuroGauss4D-PCI: 4D Neural Fields and Gaussian Deformation Fields for Point Cloud Interpolationcited by 3
- 2025sim2art: Accurate Articulated Object Modeling from a Single Video using Synthetic Training Data Onlycited by 2
- 2026SynFlow: Scaling Up LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation with Synthetic Datacited by 1
- 2026Articulation in Prime: Primitive-Based Articulated Object Understanding from a Single Casual Videocited by 1
- 2024SSRFlow: Semantic-aware Fusion with Spatial Temporal Re-embedding for Real-world Scene Flowcited by 0
- 2026Articulation in Prime: Primitive-Based Articulated Object Understanding from a Single Casual Video18 May 2026
- 2026SynFlow: Scaling Up LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation with Synthetic Data10 Apr 2026
- 2026TeFlow: Enabling Multi-frame Supervision for Self-Supervised Feed-forward Scene Flow Estimation22 Feb 2026
- 2025sim2art: Accurate Articulated Object Modeling from a Single Video using Synthetic Training Data Only8 Dec 2025
- 2025UniFlow: Zero-Shot LiDAR Scene Flow for Autonomous Vehicles23 Nov 2025
- 2025DeltaFlow: An Efficient Multi-frame Scene Flow Estimation Method23 Aug 2025
- 2025HiMo: High-Speed Objects Motion Compensation in Point Clouds2 Mar 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Monocular Scene Flow Estimation in the Wild17 Jan 2025
- 2024Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimation with Point-Voxel Fusion and Surface Representation17 Oct 2024
- 2024SSRFlow: Semantic-aware Fusion with Spatial Temporal Re-embedding for Real-world Scene Flow31 Jul 2024
- 2024NeuroGauss4D-PCI: 4D Neural Fields and Gaussian Deformation Fields for Point Cloud Interpolation23 May 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Neural Scene Flow24 Mar 2024
2 more
- 2024DiffSF: Diffusion Models for Scene Flow Estimationcited by 6
- 2024DiffSF: Diffusion Models for Scene Flow Estimation8 Mar 2024
- 2025Zero-Shot Monocular Scene Flow Estimation in the Wildcited by 20
- 20243DSFLabelling: Boosting 3D Scene Flow Estimation by Pseudo Auto-labellingcited by 14
- 2025HiMo: High-Speed Objects Motion Compensation in Point Cloudscited by 11
- 2025DeltaFlow: An Efficient Multi-frame Scene Flow Estimation Methodcited by 7
- 2026TeFlow: Enabling Multi-frame Supervision for Self-Supervised Feed-forward Scene Flow Estimationcited by 5
- 2024Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Neural Scene Flowcited by 3
- 2024NeuroGauss4D-PCI: 4D Neural Fields and Gaussian Deformation Fields for Point Cloud Interpolationcited by 3
- 2025sim2art: Accurate Articulated Object Modeling from a Single Video using Synthetic Training Data Onlycited by 2
- 2026SynFlow: Scaling Up LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation with Synthetic Datacited by 1
- 2026Articulation in Prime: Primitive-Based Articulated Object Understanding from a Single Casual Videocited by 1
- 2024SSRFlow: Semantic-aware Fusion with Spatial Temporal Re-embedding for Real-world Scene Flowcited by 0
- 2024Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimation with Point-Voxel Fusion and Surface Representationcited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Articulation in Prime: Primitive-Based Articulated Object Understanding from a Single Casual Video18 May 2026
- 2026SynFlow: Scaling Up LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation with Synthetic Data10 Apr 2026
- 2026TeFlow: Enabling Multi-frame Supervision for Self-Supervised Feed-forward Scene Flow Estimation22 Feb 2026
- 2025sim2art: Accurate Articulated Object Modeling from a Single Video using Synthetic Training Data Only8 Dec 2025
- 2025UniFlow: Zero-Shot LiDAR Scene Flow for Autonomous Vehicles23 Nov 2025
- 2025DeltaFlow: An Efficient Multi-frame Scene Flow Estimation Method23 Aug 2025
- 2025HiMo: High-Speed Objects Motion Compensation in Point Clouds2 Mar 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Monocular Scene Flow Estimation in the Wild17 Jan 2025
- 2024Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimation with Point-Voxel Fusion and Surface Representation17 Oct 2024
- 2024SSRFlow: Semantic-aware Fusion with Spatial Temporal Re-embedding for Real-world Scene Flow31 Jul 2024
- 2024NeuroGauss4D-PCI: 4D Neural Fields and Gaussian Deformation Fields for Point Cloud Interpolation23 May 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Neural Scene Flow24 Mar 2024
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)