FlowStep3D: Model Unrolling for Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Estimating the 3D motion of points in a scene, known as scene flow, is a core problem in computer vision. Traditional learning-based methods designed to learn end-to-end 3D flow often suffer from poor generalization. Here we present a recurrent architecture that learns a single step of an unrolled iterative alignment procedure for refining scene flow predictions. Inspired by classical algorithms, we demonstrate iterative convergence toward the solution using strong regularization. The proposed method can handle sizeable temporal deformations and suggests a slimmer architecture than competitive all-to-all correlation approaches. Trained on FlyingThings3D synthetic data only, our network successfully generalizes to real scans, outperforming all existing methods by a large margin on the KITTI self-supervised benchmark.
Key facts. Cited by 71 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 12; 2023: 21; 2024: 24; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.
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- 2021Neural Scene Flow Priorcited by 91
- 2021CamLiFlow: Bidirectional Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Joint Optical Flow and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 56
- 2023Fast Neural Scene Flowcited by 39
- 2022Bi-PointFlowNet: Bidirectional Learning for Point Cloud Based Scene Flow Estimationcited by 38
- 2024SeFlow: A Self-Supervised Scene Flow Method in Autonomous Drivingcited by 38
- 2023Hidden Gems: 4D Radar Scene Flow Learning Using Cross-Modal Supervisioncited by 36
- 2024ICP-Flow: LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation with ICPcited by 34
- 2022What Matters for 3D Scene Flow Networkcited by 31
- 2022Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimation with 4-D Automotive Radarcited by 29
- 2022Deformation and Correspondence Aware Unsupervised Synthetic-to-Real Scene Flow Estimation for Point Cloudscited by 28
- 2022SCOOP: Self-Supervised Correspondence and Optimization-Based Scene Flowcited by 28
- 2022OGC: Unsupervised 3D Object Segmentation from Rigid Dynamics of Point Cloudscited by 24
38 more
- 2023Self-Supervised 3D Scene Flow Estimation Guided by Superpointscited by 24
- 2021SCTN: Sparse Convolution-Transformer Network for Scene Flow Estimationcited by 23
- 2024Flow4D: Leveraging 4D Voxel Network for LiDAR Scene Flow Estimationcited by 22
- 2023Self-supervised Learning for Pre-Training 3D Point Clouds: A Surveycited by 21
- 2024I Can't Believe It's Not Scene Flow!cited by 21
- 2023milliFlow: Scene Flow Estimation on mmWave Radar Point Cloud for Human Motion Sensingcited by 20
- 2023Re-Evaluating LiDAR Scene Flow for Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
- 2021Residual 3D Scene Flow Learning with Context-Aware Feature Extractioncited by 15
- 2023GMSF: Global Matching Scene Flowcited by 14
- 2023DELFlow: Dense Efficient Learning of Scene Flow for Large-Scale Point Cloudscited by 14
- 20243DSFLabelling: Boosting 3D Scene Flow Estimation by Pseudo Auto-labellingcited by 14
- 2024Neural Eulerian Scene Flow Fieldscited by 14
- 2022RMS-FlowNet: Efficient and Robust Multi-Scale Scene Flow Estimation for Large-Scale Point Cloudscited by 13
- 2023ZeroFlow: Scalable Scene Flow via Distillationcited by 13
- 2023Multi-Body Neural Scene Flowcited by 12
- 2021Occlusion Guided Self-supervised Scene Flow Estimation on 3D Point Cloudscited by 11
- 2023DifFlow3D: Toward Robust Uncertainty-Aware Scene Flow Estimation with Diffusion Modelcited by 11
- 2023Learning Optical Flow and Scene Flow with Bidirectional Camera-LiDAR Fusioncited by 10
- 2023Radar Instance Transformer: Reliable Moving Instance Segmentation in Sparse Radar Point Cloudscited by 9
- 2022Self-Supervised Robust Scene Flow Estimation via the Alignment of Probability Density Functionscited by 7
- 2023Multi-body SE(3) Equivariance for Unsupervised Rigid Segmentation and Motion Estimationcited by 7
- 2024DiffSF: Diffusion Models for Scene Flow Estimationcited by 6
- 2022RCP: Recurrent Closest Point for Scene Flow Estimation on 3D Point Cloudscited by 5
- 2024OptFlow: Fast Optimization-based Scene Flow Estimation without Supervisioncited by 5
- 2024Self-Supervised Bird's Eye View Motion Prediction with Cross-Modality Signalscited by 5
- 2024Self-Supervised Class-Agnostic Motion Prediction with Spatial and Temporal Consistency Regularizationscited by 5
- 2024FlowMamba: Learning Point Cloud Scene Flow with Global Motion Propagationcited by 5
- 2022Learning Scene Flow in 3D Point Clouds with Noisy Pseudo Labelscited by 3
- 2022GMA3D: Local-Global Attention Learning to Estimate Occluded Motions of Scene Flowcited by 3
- 2023ContrastMotion: Self-supervised Scene Motion Learning for Large-Scale LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 3
- 2024Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Neural Scene Flowcited by 3
- 2024Let-It-Flow: Simultaneous Optimization of 3D Flow and Object Clusteringcited by 3
- 2025TARS: Traffic-Aware Radar Scene Flow Estimationcited by 3
- 20224DAC: Learning Attribute Compression for Dynamic Point Cloudscited by 2
- 2023Self-Supervised 3D Scene Flow Estimation and Motion Prediction using Local Rigidity Priorcited by 2
- 2024FedRSU: Federated Learning for Scene Flow Estimation on Roadside Unitscited by 2
- 2024DSLO: Deep Sequence LiDAR Odometry Based on Inconsistent Spatio-temporal Propagationcited by 2
- 2025EMoTive: Event-guided Trajectory Modeling for 3D Motion Estimationcited by 2
50 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2026DiFF: Doppler-informed Flow Matching for Human Motion Flow30 Sep 2026
- 2026RVLoss: Runoff Vote Loss for Self-Supervised LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation19 Aug 2026
- 2026Weakly Supervised Cross-Modal Learning for 4D Radar Scene Flow Estimation18 May 2026
- 2026SF3D-RGB: Scene Flow Estimation from Monocular Camera and Sparse LiDAR25 Feb 2026
- 2025Weakly and Self-Supervised Class-Agnostic Motion Prediction for Autonomous Driving16 Sep 2025
- 2025Radar Velocity Transformer: Single-scan Moving Object Segmentation in Noisy Radar Point Clouds4 Jul 2025
- 2025SemanticFlow: A Self-Supervised Framework for Joint Scene Flow Prediction and Instance Segmentation in Dynamic Environments19 Mar 2025
- 2025EMoTive: Event-guided Trajectory Modeling for 3D Motion Estimation14 Mar 2025
- 2025TARS: Traffic-Aware Radar Scene Flow Estimation13 Mar 2025
- 2024FlowMamba: Learning Point Cloud Scene Flow with Global Motion Propagation23 Dec 2024
- 2024Dual-frame Fluid Motion Estimation with Test-time Optimization and Zero-divergence Loss15 Oct 2024
- 2024Neural Eulerian Scene Flow Fields2 Oct 2024
38 more
- 2024DSLO: Deep Sequence LiDAR Odometry Based on Inconsistent Spatio-temporal Propagation1 Sep 2024
- 2024SSRFlow: Semantic-aware Fusion with Spatial Temporal Re-embedding for Real-world Scene Flow31 Jul 2024
- 2024Label-Free Model Failure Detection for Lidar-based Point Cloud Segmentation19 Jul 2024
- 2024Flow4D: Leveraging 4D Voxel Network for LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation10 Jul 2024
- 2024EgoFlowNet: Non-Rigid Scene Flow from Point Clouds with Ego-Motion Support3 Jul 2024
- 2024SeFlow: A Self-Supervised Scene Flow Method in Autonomous Driving1 Jul 2024
- 2024RMS-FlowNet++: Efficient and Robust Multi-Scale Scene Flow Estimation for Large-Scale Point Clouds1 Jul 2024
- 2024Attack on Scene Flow using Point Clouds21 Apr 2024
- 2024CMU-Flownet: Exploring Point Cloud Scene Flow Estimation in Occluded Scenario16 Apr 2024
- 2024Let-It-Flow: Simultaneous Optimization of 3D Flow and Object Clustering12 Apr 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Neural Scene Flow24 Mar 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Class-Agnostic Motion Prediction with Spatial and Temporal Consistency Regularizations20 Mar 2024
- 2024STARFlow: Spatial Temporal Feature Re-embedding with Attentive Learning for Real-world Scene Flow11 Mar 2024
- 2024Fast Kernel Scene Flow9 Mar 2024
- 2024DiffSF: Diffusion Models for Scene Flow Estimation8 Mar 2024
- 2024I Can't Believe It's Not Scene Flow!7 Mar 2024
- 20243DSFLabelling: Boosting 3D Scene Flow Estimation by Pseudo Auto-labelling28 Feb 2024
- 2024ICP-Flow: LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation with ICP27 Feb 2024
- 2024FedRSU: Federated Learning for Scene Flow Estimation on Roadside Units23 Jan 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Bird's Eye View Motion Prediction with Cross-Modality Signals21 Jan 2024
- 2024OptFlow: Fast Optimization-based Scene Flow Estimation without Supervision4 Jan 2024
- 2023SSFlowNet: Semi-supervised Scene Flow Estimation On Point Clouds With Pseudo Label23 Dec 2023
- 2023Regularizing Self-supervised 3D Scene Flows with Surface Awareness and Cyclic Consistency12 Dec 2023
- 2023DifFlow3D: Toward Robust Uncertainty-Aware Scene Flow Estimation with Diffusion Model29 Nov 2023
- 2023Self-Supervised 3D Scene Flow Estimation and Motion Prediction using Local Rigidity Prior17 Oct 2023
- 2023Multi-Body Neural Scene Flow16 Oct 2023
- 2023Radar Instance Transformer: Reliable Moving Instance Segmentation in Sparse Radar Point Clouds28 Sep 2023
- 2023DELFlow: Dense Efficient Learning of Scene Flow for Large-Scale Point Clouds8 Aug 2023
- 2023AGAR: Attention Graph-RNN for Adaptative Motion Prediction of Point Clouds of Deformable Objects19 Jul 2023
- 2023milliFlow: Scene Flow Estimation on mmWave Radar Point Cloud for Human Motion Sensing29 Jun 2023
- 2023Multi-body SE(3) Equivariance for Unsupervised Rigid Segmentation and Motion Estimation8 Jun 2023
- 2023GMSF: Global Matching Scene Flow27 May 2023
- 2023ZeroFlow: Scalable Scene Flow via Distillation17 May 2023
- 2023Self-supervised Learning for Pre-Training 3D Point Clouds: A Survey8 May 2023
- 2023Self-Supervised 3D Scene Flow Estimation Guided by Superpoints4 May 2023
- 2023ContrastMotion: Self-supervised Scene Motion Learning for Large-Scale LiDAR Point Clouds25 Apr 2023
- 2023Fast Neural Scene Flow18 Apr 2023
- 2023Re-Evaluating LiDAR Scene Flow for Autonomous Driving4 Apr 2023
50 newest of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2021Neural Scene Flow Priorcited by 91
- 2021CamLiFlow: Bidirectional Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Joint Optical Flow and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 56
- 2023Fast Neural Scene Flowcited by 39
- 2022Bi-PointFlowNet: Bidirectional Learning for Point Cloud Based Scene Flow Estimationcited by 38
- 2024SeFlow: A Self-Supervised Scene Flow Method in Autonomous Drivingcited by 38
- 2023Hidden Gems: 4D Radar Scene Flow Learning Using Cross-Modal Supervisioncited by 36
- 2024ICP-Flow: LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation with ICPcited by 34
- 2022What Matters for 3D Scene Flow Networkcited by 31
- 2022Self-Supervised Scene Flow Estimation with 4-D Automotive Radarcited by 29
- 2022Deformation and Correspondence Aware Unsupervised Synthetic-to-Real Scene Flow Estimation for Point Cloudscited by 28
- 2022SCOOP: Self-Supervised Correspondence and Optimization-Based Scene Flowcited by 28
- 2022OGC: Unsupervised 3D Object Segmentation from Rigid Dynamics of Point Cloudscited by 24
12 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)
- 2026RVLoss: Runoff Vote Loss for Self-Supervised LiDAR Scene Flow Estimation19 Aug 2026
- 2026Weakly Supervised Cross-Modal Learning for 4D Radar Scene Flow Estimation18 May 2026
- 2026SF3D-RGB: Scene Flow Estimation from Monocular Camera and Sparse LiDAR25 Feb 2026
- 2025Weakly and Self-Supervised Class-Agnostic Motion Prediction for Autonomous Driving16 Sep 2025
- 2025Radar Velocity Transformer: Single-scan Moving Object Segmentation in Noisy Radar Point Clouds4 Jul 2025
- 2025SemanticFlow: A Self-Supervised Framework for Joint Scene Flow Prediction and Instance Segmentation in Dynamic Environments19 Mar 2025
- 2025EMoTive: Event-guided Trajectory Modeling for 3D Motion Estimation14 Mar 2025
- 2025TARS: Traffic-Aware Radar Scene Flow Estimation13 Mar 2025
- 2024FlowMamba: Learning Point Cloud Scene Flow with Global Motion Propagation23 Dec 2024
- 2024Dual-frame Fluid Motion Estimation with Test-time Optimization and Zero-divergence Loss15 Oct 2024
- 2024Neural Eulerian Scene Flow Fields2 Oct 2024
- 2024DSLO: Deep Sequence LiDAR Odometry Based on Inconsistent Spatio-temporal Propagation1 Sep 2024
12 newest of 68 All 68 (JSON)