WYWEB: A NLP Evaluation Benchmark For Classical Chinese
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
To fully evaluate the overall performance of different NLP models in a given domain, many evaluation benchmarks are proposed, such as GLUE, SuperGLUE and CLUE. The fi eld of natural language understanding has traditionally focused on benchmarks for various tasks in languages such as Chinese, English, and multilingua, however, there has been a lack of attention given to the area of classical Chinese, also known as "wen yan wen", which has a rich history spanning thousands of years and holds signifi cant cultural and academic value. For the prosperity of the NLP community, in this paper, we introduce the WYWEB evaluation benchmark, which consists of nine NLP tasks in classical Chinese, implementing sentence classifi cation, sequence labeling, reading comprehension, and machine translation. We evaluate the existing pre-trained language models, which are all struggling with this benchmark. We also introduce a number of supplementary datasets and additional tools to help facilitate further progress on classical Chinese NLU. The github repository is https://github.com/baudzhou/WYWEB.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 31 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2023.
Builds on
31 of 51 references.
References · 31
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,854
- 2019XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understandingcited by 2,801
- 2019ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representationscited by 2,772
- 2020DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attentioncited by 2,157
- 2019SuperGLUE: A Stickier Benchmark for General-Purpose Language Understanding Systemscited by 1,718
- 2017RACE: Large-scale ReAding Comprehension Dataset From Examinationscited by 851
- 2019Unified Language Model Pre-training for Natural Language Understanding and Generationcited by 668
19 more
- 2020Pre-trained Models for Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 504
- 2018SentEval: An Evaluation Toolkit for Universal Sentence Representationscited by 294
- 2020CLUE: A Chinese Language Understanding Evaluation Benchmarkcited by 277
- 2020Revisiting Pre-Trained Models for Chinese Natural Language Processingcited by 262
- 2019StructBERT: Incorporating Language Structures into Pre-training for Deep Language Understandingcited by 108
- 2021CBLUE: A Chinese Biomedical Language Understanding Evaluation Benchmarkcited by 99
- 2018A Span-Extraction Dataset for Chinese Machine Reading Comprehensioncited by 84
- 2019ChID: A Large-scale Chinese IDiom Dataset for Cloze Testcited by 65
- 2019The FLoRes Evaluation Datasets for Low-Resource Machine Translation: Nepali-English and Sinhala-Englishcited by 61
- 2021CLiMP: A Benchmark for Chinese Language Model Evaluationcited by 44
- 2019NEZHA: Neural Contextualized Representation for Chinese Language Understandingcited by 39
- 2019CJRC: A Reliable Human-Annotated Benchmark DataSet for Chinese Judicial Reading Comprehensioncited by 26
- 2021CUGE: A Chinese Language Understanding and Generation Evaluation Benchmarkcited by 16
- 2021CCPM: A Chinese Classical Poetry Matching Datasetcited by 15
- 2020A Sentence Cloze Dataset for Chinese Machine Reading Comprehensioncited by 14
- 2021Time-Aware Ancient Chinese Text Translation and Inferencecited by 10
- 2022QuoteR: A Benchmark of Quote Recommendation for Writingcited by 10
- 2020Corpus of Chinese Dynastic Histories: Gender Analysis over Two Millenniacited by 4
- 2022Feeding What You Need by Understanding What You Learnedcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 4.
10 papers.
- 2024AC-EVAL: Evaluating Ancient Chinese Language Understanding in Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2025F`ux`i: A Benchmark for Evaluating Language Models on Ancient Chinese Text Understanding and Generationcited by 4
- 2024Surveying the Dead Minds: Historical-Psychological Text Analysis with Contextualized Construct Representation (CCR) for Classical Chinesecited by 3
- 2026Benchmarking Machine Translation on Chinese Social Media Textscited by 2
- 2024LFED: A Literary Fiction Evaluation Dataset for Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2024Shared Heritage, Distinct Writing: Rethinking Resource Selection for East Asian Historical Documentscited by 1
- 2026System Report for CCL25-Eval Task 5: New Dataset and LoRA-Fine-Tuned Qwen2.5cited by 1
- 2025Translation via Annotation: A Computational Study of Translating Classical Chinese into Japanesecited by 0
- 2026MCGA: A Multi-task Classical Chinese Literary Genre Audio Corpuscited by 0
- 2026Do Evaluation Metrics Detect Errors in Classical Chinese to English Translations?cited by 0
- 2026Do Evaluation Metrics Detect Errors in Classical Chinese to English Translations?8 Aug 2026
- 2026System Report for CCL25-Eval Task 5: New Dataset and LoRA-Fine-Tuned Qwen2.510 Jun 2026
- 2026Benchmarking Machine Translation on Chinese Social Media Texts30 Jan 2026
- 2026MCGA: A Multi-task Classical Chinese Literary Genre Audio Corpus14 Jan 2026
- 2025Translation via Annotation: A Computational Study of Translating Classical Chinese into Japanese7 Nov 2025
- 2025F`ux`i: A Benchmark for Evaluating Language Models on Ancient Chinese Text Understanding and Generation20 Mar 2025
- 2024Shared Heritage, Distinct Writing: Rethinking Resource Selection for East Asian Historical Documents7 Nov 2024
- 2024LFED: A Literary Fiction Evaluation Dataset for Large Language Models16 May 2024
- 2024AC-EVAL: Evaluating Ancient Chinese Language Understanding in Large Language Models11 Mar 2024
- 2024Surveying the Dead Minds: Historical-Psychological Text Analysis with Contextualized Construct Representation (CCR) for Classical Chinese1 Mar 2024