mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Dual Focal Loss for Calibration

arXiv 2305.13665 ↗First posted 23 May 2023cs.CV cs.AIcited by 33

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Abstract (arXiv)

The use of deep neural networks in real-world applications require well-calibrated networks with confidence scores that accurately reflect the actual probability. However, it has been found that these networks often provide over-confident predictions, which leads to poor calibration. Recent efforts have sought to address this issue by focal loss to reduce over-confidence, but this approach can also lead to under-confident predictions. While different variants of focal loss have been explored, it is difficult to find a balance between over-confidence and under-confidence. In our work, we propose a new loss function by focusing on dual logits. Our method not only considers the ground truth logit, but also take into account the highest logit ranked after the ground truth logit. By maximizing the gap between these two logits, our proposed dual focal loss can achieve a better balance between over-confidence and under-confidence. We provide theoretical evidence to support our approach and demonstrate its effectiveness through evaluations on multiple models and datasets, where it achieves state-of-the-art performance. Code is available at https://github.com/Linwei94/DualFocalLoss

Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2023.

Builds on

35 of 56 references.

References · 35

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,277
  3. 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,720
  4. 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,475
  5. 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,960
  6. 2014Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4,859
  7. 2016Simple and Scalable Predictive Uncertainty Estimation using Deep Ensemblescited by 3,926
  8. 2016Wide Residual Networkscited by 3,070
  9. 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,849
  10. 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,577
  11. 2021Per-Pixel Classification is Not All You Need for Semantic Segmentationcited by 1,152
  12. 2019When Does Label Smoothing Help?cited by 988
23 more
  1. 2019AugMix: A Simple Data Processing Method to Improve Robustness and Uncertaintycited by 901
  2. 2013Network In Networkcited by 605
  3. 2019Measuring Calibration in Deep Learningcited by 446
  4. 2020BatchEnsemble: An Alternative Approach to Efficient Ensemble and Lifelong Learningcited by 371
  5. 2019Beyond temperature scaling: Obtaining well-calibrated multiclass probabilities with Dirichlet calibrationcited by 364
  6. 2020Calibrating Deep Neural Networks using Focal Losscited by 357
  7. 2019Verified Uncertainty Calibrationcited by 309
  8. 2019On Mixup Training: Improved Calibration and Predictive Uncertainty for Deep Neural Networkscited by 305
  9. 2020Mix-n-Match: Ensemble and Compositional Methods for Uncertainty Calibration in Deep Learningcited by 190
  10. 2020Uncertainty Quantification and Deep Ensemblescited by 139
  11. 2020Evaluation of Neural Architectures Trained with Square Loss vs Cross-Entropy in Classification Taskscited by 138
  12. 2020Improving model calibration with accuracy versus uncertainty optimizationcited by 123
  13. 2020Mitigating Bias in Calibration Error Estimationcited by 101
  14. 2018Benchmarking Neural Network Robustness to Common Corruptions and Surface Variationscited by 99
  15. 2020Calibration of Neural Networks using Splinescited by 97
  16. 2021Soft Calibration Objectives for Neural Networkscited by 92
  17. 2013Multi-digit Number Recognition from Street View Imagery using Deep Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 84
  18. 2015Posterior calibration and exploratory analysis for natural language processing modelscited by 76
  19. 2022Better Uncertainty Calibration via Proper Scores for Classification and Beyondcited by 65
  20. 2022A Consistent and Differentiable Lp Canonical Calibration Error Estimatorcited by 47
  21. 2022AdaFocal: Calibration-aware Adaptive Focal Losscited by 32
  22. 2020On Focal Loss for Class-Posterior Probability Estimation: A Theoretical Perspectivecited by 21
  23. 2023Calibrating a Deep Neural Network with Its Predecessorscited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 7; 2025: 20; 2026: 4.

33 papers.

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  1. 2024A Short Survey on Importance Weighting for Machine Learningcited by 15
  2. 2023A Benchmark Study on Calibrationcited by 11
  3. 2025Epistemic Artificial Intelligence is Essential for Machine Learning Models to Truly 'Know When They Do Not Know'cited by 8
  4. 2024Selective Learning: Towards Robust Calibration with Dynamic Regularizationcited by 5
  5. 2025Uncertainty Weighted Gradients for Model Calibrationcited by 5
  6. 2025Variational Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 5
  7. 2024Optimizing Calibration by Gaining Aware of Prediction Correctnesscited by 4
  8. 2023LumiNet: Perception-Driven Knowledge Distillation via Statistical Logit Calibrationcited by 3
  9. 2024Consistency Calibration: Improving Uncertainty Calibration via Consistency among Perturbed Neighborscited by 3
  10. 2025Balancing Two Classifiers via A Simplex ETF Structure for Model Calibrationcited by 3
  11. 2025Sample Margin-Aware Recalibration of Temperature Scalingcited by 3
  12. 2024Geometric Insights into Focal Loss: Reducing Curvature for Enhanced Model Calibrationcited by 2
21 more
  1. 2024Enhancing Financial Market Predictions: Causality-Driven Feature Selectioncited by 2
  2. 2025Beyond One-Hot Labels: Semantic Mixing for Model Calibrationcited by 2
  3. 2025Towards Understanding The Calibration Benefits of Sharpness-Aware Minimizationcited by 2
  4. 2025h-calibration: Rethinking Classifier Recalibration with Probabilistic Error-Bounded Objectivecited by 2
  5. 2024Robust Time Series Forecasting with Non-Heavy-Tailed Gaussian Loss-Weighted Samplercited by 1
  6. 2025Enhance GNNs with Reliable Confidence Estimation via Adversarial Calibration Learningcited by 1
  7. 2025Probability Bounding: Post-Hoc Calibration via Box-Constrained Softmaxcited by 1
  8. 2025Instance-Wise Monotonic Calibration by Constrained Transformationcited by 1
  9. 2025Deep Neural Network Calibration by Reducing Classifier Shift with Stochastic Maskingcited by 1
  10. 2025Target-Agnostic Calibration under Distribution Shift with Frequency-Aware Gradient Rectificationcited by 1
  11. 2025Calibratable Disambiguation Loss for Multi-Instance Partial-Label Learningcited by 1
  12. 2026FedLAS: Feature-Modulated Bidirectional Label Smoothing for Neural Network Calibrationcited by 1
  13. 2025A Guide to Failure in Machine Learning: Reliability and Robustness from Foundations to Practicecited by 0
  14. 2025Adaptive Wavelet Filters as Practical Texture Feature Amplifiers for Parkinson's Disease Screening in OCTcited by 0
  15. 2025Reducing Class Bias In Data-Balanced Datasets Through Hardness-Based Resamplingcited by 0
  16. 2025Revisiting Reweighted Risk for Calibration: AURC, Focal, and Inverse Focal Losscited by 0
  17. 2025Calibration Attention: Learning Reliability-Aware Representations for Vision Transformerscited by 0
  18. 2025A smart fridge with AI-enabled food computingcited by 0
  19. 2026Generative Cross-Entropy: A Strictly Proper Loss for Data-Efficient Classificationcited by 0
  20. 2026Neural Architecture Search of Sample Reweighting Networks for Complex Distribution Shiftcited by 0
  21. 2026LiST: Lipschitz Scaling Training for Robust and Calibrated Neural Networkscited by 0