Dual Focal Loss for Calibration
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Abstract (arXiv)
The use of deep neural networks in real-world applications require well-calibrated networks with confidence scores that accurately reflect the actual probability. However, it has been found that these networks often provide over-confident predictions, which leads to poor calibration. Recent efforts have sought to address this issue by focal loss to reduce over-confidence, but this approach can also lead to under-confident predictions. While different variants of focal loss have been explored, it is difficult to find a balance between over-confidence and under-confidence. In our work, we propose a new loss function by focusing on dual logits. Our method not only considers the ground truth logit, but also take into account the highest logit ranked after the ground truth logit. By maximizing the gap between these two logits, our proposed dual focal loss can achieve a better balance between over-confidence and under-confidence. We provide theoretical evidence to support our approach and demonstrate its effectiveness through evaluations on multiple models and datasets, where it achieves state-of-the-art performance. Code is available at https://github.com/Linwei94/DualFocalLoss
Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2023.
Builds on
35 of 56 references.
References · 35
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,277
- 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,720
- 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,475
- 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,960
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- 2016Simple and Scalable Predictive Uncertainty Estimation using Deep Ensemblescited by 3,926
- 2016Wide Residual Networkscited by 3,070
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- 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,577
- 2021Per-Pixel Classification is Not All You Need for Semantic Segmentationcited by 1,152
- 2019When Does Label Smoothing Help?cited by 988
23 more
- 2019AugMix: A Simple Data Processing Method to Improve Robustness and Uncertaintycited by 901
- 2013Network In Networkcited by 605
- 2019Measuring Calibration in Deep Learningcited by 446
- 2020BatchEnsemble: An Alternative Approach to Efficient Ensemble and Lifelong Learningcited by 371
- 2019Beyond temperature scaling: Obtaining well-calibrated multiclass probabilities with Dirichlet calibrationcited by 364
- 2020Calibrating Deep Neural Networks using Focal Losscited by 357
- 2019Verified Uncertainty Calibrationcited by 309
- 2019On Mixup Training: Improved Calibration and Predictive Uncertainty for Deep Neural Networkscited by 305
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- 2020Uncertainty Quantification and Deep Ensemblescited by 139
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- 2020Improving model calibration with accuracy versus uncertainty optimizationcited by 123
- 2020Mitigating Bias in Calibration Error Estimationcited by 101
- 2018Benchmarking Neural Network Robustness to Common Corruptions and Surface Variationscited by 99
- 2020Calibration of Neural Networks using Splinescited by 97
- 2021Soft Calibration Objectives for Neural Networkscited by 92
- 2013Multi-digit Number Recognition from Street View Imagery using Deep Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 84
- 2015Posterior calibration and exploratory analysis for natural language processing modelscited by 76
- 2022Better Uncertainty Calibration via Proper Scores for Classification and Beyondcited by 65
- 2022A Consistent and Differentiable Lp Canonical Calibration Error Estimatorcited by 47
- 2022AdaFocal: Calibration-aware Adaptive Focal Losscited by 32
- 2020On Focal Loss for Class-Posterior Probability Estimation: A Theoretical Perspectivecited by 21
- 2023Calibrating a Deep Neural Network with Its Predecessorscited by 9
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 7; 2025: 20; 2026: 4.
33 papers.
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- 2024A Short Survey on Importance Weighting for Machine Learningcited by 15
- 2023A Benchmark Study on Calibrationcited by 11
- 2025Epistemic Artificial Intelligence is Essential for Machine Learning Models to Truly 'Know When They Do Not Know'cited by 8
- 2024Selective Learning: Towards Robust Calibration with Dynamic Regularizationcited by 5
- 2025Uncertainty Weighted Gradients for Model Calibrationcited by 5
- 2025Variational Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 5
- 2024Optimizing Calibration by Gaining Aware of Prediction Correctnesscited by 4
- 2023LumiNet: Perception-Driven Knowledge Distillation via Statistical Logit Calibrationcited by 3
- 2024Consistency Calibration: Improving Uncertainty Calibration via Consistency among Perturbed Neighborscited by 3
- 2025Balancing Two Classifiers via A Simplex ETF Structure for Model Calibrationcited by 3
- 2025Sample Margin-Aware Recalibration of Temperature Scalingcited by 3
- 2024Geometric Insights into Focal Loss: Reducing Curvature for Enhanced Model Calibrationcited by 2
21 more
- 2024Enhancing Financial Market Predictions: Causality-Driven Feature Selectioncited by 2
- 2025Beyond One-Hot Labels: Semantic Mixing for Model Calibrationcited by 2
- 2025Towards Understanding The Calibration Benefits of Sharpness-Aware Minimizationcited by 2
- 2025h-calibration: Rethinking Classifier Recalibration with Probabilistic Error-Bounded Objectivecited by 2
- 2024Robust Time Series Forecasting with Non-Heavy-Tailed Gaussian Loss-Weighted Samplercited by 1
- 2025Enhance GNNs with Reliable Confidence Estimation via Adversarial Calibration Learningcited by 1
- 2025Probability Bounding: Post-Hoc Calibration via Box-Constrained Softmaxcited by 1
- 2025Instance-Wise Monotonic Calibration by Constrained Transformationcited by 1
- 2025Deep Neural Network Calibration by Reducing Classifier Shift with Stochastic Maskingcited by 1
- 2025Target-Agnostic Calibration under Distribution Shift with Frequency-Aware Gradient Rectificationcited by 1
- 2025Calibratable Disambiguation Loss for Multi-Instance Partial-Label Learningcited by 1
- 2026FedLAS: Feature-Modulated Bidirectional Label Smoothing for Neural Network Calibrationcited by 1
- 2025A Guide to Failure in Machine Learning: Reliability and Robustness from Foundations to Practicecited by 0
- 2025Adaptive Wavelet Filters as Practical Texture Feature Amplifiers for Parkinson's Disease Screening in OCTcited by 0
- 2025Reducing Class Bias In Data-Balanced Datasets Through Hardness-Based Resamplingcited by 0
- 2025Revisiting Reweighted Risk for Calibration: AURC, Focal, and Inverse Focal Losscited by 0
- 2025Calibration Attention: Learning Reliability-Aware Representations for Vision Transformerscited by 0
- 2025A smart fridge with AI-enabled food computingcited by 0
- 2026Generative Cross-Entropy: A Strictly Proper Loss for Data-Efficient Classificationcited by 0
- 2026Neural Architecture Search of Sample Reweighting Networks for Complex Distribution Shiftcited by 0
- 2026LiST: Lipschitz Scaling Training for Robust and Calibrated Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2026LiST: Lipschitz Scaling Training for Robust and Calibrated Neural Networks8 Jul 2026
- 2026FedLAS: Feature-Modulated Bidirectional Label Smoothing for Neural Network Calibration26 Jun 2026
- 2026Neural Architecture Search of Sample Reweighting Networks for Complex Distribution Shift22 Jun 2026
- 2026Generative Cross-Entropy: A Strictly Proper Loss for Data-Efficient Classification8 Apr 2026
- 2025Calibratable Disambiguation Loss for Multi-Instance Partial-Label Learning19 Dec 2025
- 2025A smart fridge with AI-enabled food computing9 Sep 2025
- 2025Target-Agnostic Calibration under Distribution Shift with Frequency-Aware Gradient Rectification27 Aug 2025
- 2025Deep Neural Network Calibration by Reducing Classifier Shift with Stochastic Masking12 Aug 2025
- 2025Calibration Attention: Learning Reliability-Aware Representations for Vision Transformers12 Aug 2025
- 2025Instance-Wise Monotonic Calibration by Constrained Transformation9 Jul 2025
- 2025Sample Margin-Aware Recalibration of Temperature Scaling30 Jun 2025
- 2025h-calibration: Rethinking Classifier Recalibration with Probabilistic Error-Bounded Objective22 Jun 2025
21 more
- 2025Probability Bounding: Post-Hoc Calibration via Box-Constrained Softmax12 Jun 2025
- 2025Variational Supervised Contrastive Learning9 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Understanding The Calibration Benefits of Sharpness-Aware Minimization29 May 2025
- 2025Revisiting Reweighted Risk for Calibration: AURC, Focal, and Inverse Focal Loss29 May 2025
- 2025Epistemic Artificial Intelligence is Essential for Machine Learning Models to Truly 'Know When They Do Not Know'8 May 2025
- 2025Beyond One-Hot Labels: Semantic Mixing for Model Calibration18 Apr 2025
- 2025Balancing Two Classifiers via A Simplex ETF Structure for Model Calibration14 Apr 2025
- 2025Reducing Class Bias In Data-Balanced Datasets Through Hardness-Based Resampling9 Apr 2025
- 2025Uncertainty Weighted Gradients for Model Calibration26 Mar 2025
- 2025Adaptive Wavelet Filters as Practical Texture Feature Amplifiers for Parkinson's Disease Screening in OCT25 Mar 2025
- 2025Enhance GNNs with Reliable Confidence Estimation via Adversarial Calibration Learning23 Mar 2025
- 2025A Guide to Failure in Machine Learning: Reliability and Robustness from Foundations to Practice1 Mar 2025
- 2024Consistency Calibration: Improving Uncertainty Calibration via Consistency among Perturbed Neighbors16 Oct 2024
- 2024Enhancing Financial Market Predictions: Causality-Driven Feature Selection2 Aug 2024
- 2024Robust Time Series Forecasting with Non-Heavy-Tailed Gaussian Loss-Weighted Sampler19 Jun 2024
- 2024Geometric Insights into Focal Loss: Reducing Curvature for Enhanced Model Calibration1 May 2024
- 2024Optimizing Calibration by Gaining Aware of Prediction Correctness19 Apr 2024
- 2024A Short Survey on Importance Weighting for Machine Learning15 Mar 2024
- 2024Selective Learning: Towards Robust Calibration with Dynamic Regularization13 Feb 2024
- 2023LumiNet: Perception-Driven Knowledge Distillation via Statistical Logit Calibration5 Oct 2023
- 2023A Benchmark Study on Calibration23 Aug 2023
- 2024A Short Survey on Importance Weighting for Machine Learningcited by 15
- 2023A Benchmark Study on Calibrationcited by 11
- 2025Epistemic Artificial Intelligence is Essential for Machine Learning Models to Truly 'Know When They Do Not Know'cited by 8
- 2024Selective Learning: Towards Robust Calibration with Dynamic Regularizationcited by 5
- 2025Uncertainty Weighted Gradients for Model Calibrationcited by 5
- 2025Variational Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 5
- 2024Optimizing Calibration by Gaining Aware of Prediction Correctnesscited by 4
- 2024Consistency Calibration: Improving Uncertainty Calibration via Consistency among Perturbed Neighborscited by 3
- 2025Balancing Two Classifiers via A Simplex ETF Structure for Model Calibrationcited by 3
- 2025Sample Margin-Aware Recalibration of Temperature Scalingcited by 3
- 2024Geometric Insights into Focal Loss: Reducing Curvature for Enhanced Model Calibrationcited by 2
- 2024Enhancing Financial Market Predictions: Causality-Driven Feature Selectioncited by 2
12 most cited of 32 All 32 (JSON)
- 2026LiST: Lipschitz Scaling Training for Robust and Calibrated Neural Networks8 Jul 2026
- 2026FedLAS: Feature-Modulated Bidirectional Label Smoothing for Neural Network Calibration26 Jun 2026
- 2026Neural Architecture Search of Sample Reweighting Networks for Complex Distribution Shift22 Jun 2026
- 2026Generative Cross-Entropy: A Strictly Proper Loss for Data-Efficient Classification8 Apr 2026
- 2025Calibratable Disambiguation Loss for Multi-Instance Partial-Label Learning19 Dec 2025
- 2025A smart fridge with AI-enabled food computing9 Sep 2025
- 2025Target-Agnostic Calibration under Distribution Shift with Frequency-Aware Gradient Rectification27 Aug 2025
- 2025Deep Neural Network Calibration by Reducing Classifier Shift with Stochastic Masking12 Aug 2025
- 2025Calibration Attention: Learning Reliability-Aware Representations for Vision Transformers12 Aug 2025
- 2025Instance-Wise Monotonic Calibration by Constrained Transformation9 Jul 2025
- 2025Sample Margin-Aware Recalibration of Temperature Scaling30 Jun 2025
- 2025h-calibration: Rethinking Classifier Recalibration with Probabilistic Error-Bounded Objective22 Jun 2025
12 newest of 32 All 32 (JSON)