mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Structure-CLIP: Towards Scene Graph Knowledge to Enhance Multi-modal Structured Representations

arXiv 2305.06152 ↗First posted 6 May 2023cs.CL cs.AI cs.MMcited by 37

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Large-scale vision-language pre-training has achieved significant performance in multi-modal understanding and generation tasks. However, existing methods often perform poorly on image-text matching tasks that require structured representations, i.e., representations of objects, attributes, and relations. As illustrated in Fig.~reffig:case (a), the models cannot make a distinction between ``An astronaut rides a horse" and ``A horse rides an astronaut". This is because they fail to fully leverage structured knowledge when learning representations in multi-modal scenarios. In this paper, we present an end-to-end framework Structure-CLIP, which integrates Scene Graph Knowledge (SGK) to enhance multi-modal structured representations. Firstly, we use scene graphs to guide the construction of semantic negative examples, which results in an increased emphasis on learning structured representations. Moreover, a Knowledge-Enhance Encoder (KEE) is proposed to leverage SGK as input to further enhance structured representations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we pre-train our model with the aforementioned approaches and conduct experiments on downstream tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that Structure-CLIP achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on VG-Attribution and VG-Relation datasets, with 12.5% and 4.1% ahead of the multi-modal SOTA model respectively. Meanwhile, the results on MSCOCO indicate that Structure-CLIP significantly enhances the structured representations while maintaining the ability of general representations. Our code is available at https://github.com/zjukg/Structure-CLIP.

Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 42 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 May 2023.

Builds on

42 of 52 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation28 Jan
  2. 2021SimVLM: Simple Visual Language Model Pretraining with Weak Supervision24 Aug
  3. 2021Seeing Out of tHe bOx: End-to-End Pre-training for Vision-Language Representation Learning7 Apr

Other references · 39

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  3. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  4. 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,848
  5. 2022OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Modelscited by 3,464
  6. 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 2,997
  7. 2019ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 2,219
  8. 2021Align before Fuse: Vision and Language Representation Learning with Momentum Distillationcited by 1,612
  9. 2019LXMERT: Learning Cross-Modality Encoder Representations from Transformerscited by 1,548
  10. 2019VisualBERT: A Simple and Performant Baseline for Vision and Languagecited by 1,291
  11. 2022CoCa: Contrastive Captioners are Image-Text Foundation Modelscited by 1,265
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27 more
  1. 2014Deep Visual-Semantic Alignments for Generating Image Descriptionscited by 966
  2. 2022PaLI: A Jointly-Scaled Multilingual Language-Image Modelcited by 762
  3. 2021BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text Generationcited by 719
  4. 2022When and why vision-language models behave like bags-of-words, and what to do about it?cited by 603
  5. 2022Winoground: Probing Vision and Language Models for Visio-Linguistic Compositionalitycited by 523
  6. 2022Image as a Foreign Language: BEiT Pretraining for All Vision and Vision-Language Taskscited by 510
  7. 2017Scene Graph Generation by Iterative Message Passingcited by 462
  8. 2019Unicoder-VL: A Universal Encoder for Vision and Language by Cross-modal Pre-trainingcited by 451
  9. 2017Neural Motifs: Scene Graph Parsing with Global Contextcited by 413
  10. 2021Unifying Vision-and-Language Tasks via Text Generationcited by 411
  11. 2018Image Generation from Scene Graphscited by 324
  12. 2018Graph R-CNN for Scene Graph Generationcited by 296
  13. 2018Learning to Compose Dynamic Tree Structures for Visual Contextscited by 258
  14. 2018Auto-Encoding Scene Graphs for Image Captioningcited by 254
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  16. 2020ERNIE-ViL: Knowledge Enhanced Vision-Language Representations Through Scene Graphcited by 211
  17. 2019Scene Graph Generation with External Knowledge and Image Reconstructioncited by 102
  18. 2021WenLan: Bridging Vision and Language by Large-Scale Multi-Modal Pre-Trainingcited by 84
  19. 2020InterBERT: Vision-and-Language Interaction for Multi-modal Pretrainingcited by 48
  20. 2021OntoZSL: Ontology-enhanced Zero-shot Learningcited by 45
  21. 2021Knowledge-aware Zero-Shot Learning: Survey and Perspectivecited by 41
  22. 2021Zero-shot Visual Question Answering using Knowledge Graphcited by 37
  23. 2022DUET: Cross-modal Semantic Grounding for Contrastive Zero-shot Learningcited by 33
  24. 2022MEAformer: Multi-modal Entity Alignment Transformer for Meta Modality Hybridcited by 29
  25. 2021Zero-shot and Few-shot Learning with Knowledge Graphs: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 23
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  27. 2022LaKo: Knowledge-driven Visual Question Answering via Late Knowledge-to-Text Injectioncited by 18

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 7; 2025: 19; 2026: 10.

37 papers.

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  1. 2025CF-VLM:CounterFactual Vision-Language Fine-tuningcited by 57
  2. 2024Knowledge Graphs Meet Multi-Modal Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 50
  3. 2023Enhancing Multimodal Compositional Reasoning of Visual Language Models with Generative Negative Miningcited by 25
  4. 2025Enhancing Vision-Language Compositional Understanding with Multimodal Synthetic Datacited by 12
  5. 2024Enhancing Vision-Language Models with Scene Graphs for Traffic Accident Understandingcited by 10
  6. 2025Neural Brain: A Neuroscience-inspired Framework for Embodied Agentscited by 10
  7. 2025Decoupled Global-Local Alignment for Improving Compositional Understandingcited by 9
  8. 2025ViewSRD: 3D Visual Grounding via Structured Multi-View Decompositioncited by 8
  9. 2024Graph-Based Captioning: Enhancing Visual Descriptions by Interconnecting Region Captionscited by 7
  10. 2024Beyond Accuracy: Ensuring Correct Predictions With Correct Rationalescited by 6
  11. 2024Causal Graphical Models for Vision-Language Compositional Understandingcited by 6
  12. 2025CLIP-UP: CLIP-Based Unanswerable Problem Detection for Visual Question Answeringcited by 6
25 more
  1. 2025EvdCLIP: Improving Vision-Language Retrieval with Entity Visual Descriptions from Large Language Modelscited by 6
  2. 2024CLIP-Powered TASS: Target-Aware Single-Stream Network for Audio-Visual Question Answeringcited by 4
  3. 2025DGTRSD & DGTRS-CLIP: A Dual-Granularity Remote Sensing Image-Text Dataset and Vision Language Foundation Model for Alignmentcited by 4
  4. 2025Visual Perturbation and Adaptive Hard Negative Contrastive Learning for Compositional Reasoning in Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
  5. 2025Enhancing Compositional Reasoning in CLIP via Reconstruction and Alignment of Text Descriptionscited by 2
  6. 2025ABE-CLIP: Training-Free Attribute Binding Enhancement for Compositional Image-Text Matchingcited by 2
  7. 2025LLM-enhanced Action-aware Multi-modal Prompt Tuning for Image-Text Matchingcited by 1
  8. 2025UMCL: Unimodal-generated Multimodal Contrastive Learning for Cross-compression-rate Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
  9. 2026Aligning Forest and Trees in Images & Long Captions for Visually Grounded Understandingcited by 1
  10. 2026UrbanGraphEmbeddings: Learning and Evaluating Spatially Grounded Multimodal Embeddings for Urban Sciencecited by 1
  11. 2024A New Method to Capturing Compositional Knowledge in Linguistic Spacecited by 0
  12. 2025Towards Human Cognition: Visual Context Guides Syntactic Priming in Fusion-Encoded Modelscited by 0
  13. 2025Dynamic Relation Inference via Verb Embeddingscited by 0
  14. 2025Preserve and Sculpt: Manifold-Aligned Fine-tuning of Vision-Language Models for Few-Shot Learningcited by 0
  15. 2025MSGFusion: Multimodal Scene Graph-Guided Infrared and Visible Image Fusioncited by 0
  16. 2025SLIP: Structural-aware Language-Image Pretraining for Vision-Language Alignmentcited by 0
  17. 2025SCLARO: A Dataset for Grounded Scenario-Level Scene Understanding and ScenarioCLIP for Benchmarkingcited by 0
  18. 2026A Survey on Semantic Communication for Vision: Categories, Frameworks, Enabling Techniques, and Applicationscited by 0
  19. 2026Half-Truths Break Similarity-Based Retrievalcited by 0
  20. 2026SynMulti: Synthetic-to-Real Learning for Multimodal Video Understandingcited by 0
  21. 2026Concrete Jungle: Towards Concreteness Paved Contrastive Negative Mining for Compositional Understandingcited by 0
  22. 2026TriRelVLA: Triadic Relational Structure for Generalizable Embodied Manipulationcited by 0
  23. 2026Cross-modal Affinity-aligned Multimodal Learning Analytics for Predicting Student Collaboration Satisfaction in Game-Based Learningcited by 0
  24. 2026What CLIP Knows but Cannot Say: Recovering Negation from Frozen Intermediate Featurescited by 0
  25. 2026BindCLIP: One Balanced Coupling For Compositional Vision Language Scoringcited by 0

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  1. 2022Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training with Knowledge Graphs
  2. 2023Incorporating Structured Representations into Pretrained Vision & Language Models Using Scene Graphs
  3. 2023Coarse-to-Fine Contrastive Learning in Image-Text-Graph Space for Improved Vision-Language Compositionality
  4. 2026Scene Graph Thinking: Reinforcing Structured Visual Reasoning for Multimodal Large Language Models
  5. 2026CS-CLIP: Compositional Scene Graph-guided CLIP for Robust Compositional Reasoning
  6. 2026Inference-Time Structural Reasoning for Compositional Vision-Language Understanding
  7. 2025Object-centric Binding in Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining
  8. 2023Lang3DSG: Language-based contrastive pre-training for 3D Scene Graph prediction