Map-based Experience Replay: A Memory-Efficient Solution to Catastrophic Forgetting in Reinforcement Learning
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Deep Reinforcement Learning agents often suffer from catastrophic forgetting, forgetting previously found solutions in parts of the input space when training on new data. Replay Memories are a common solution to the problem, decorrelating and shuffling old and new training samples. They naively store state transitions as they come in, without regard for redundancy. We introduce a novel cognitive-inspired replay memory approach based on the Grow-When-Required (GWR) self-organizing network, which resembles a map-based mental model of the world. Our approach organizes stored transitions into a concise environment-model-like network of state-nodes and transition-edges, merging similar samples to reduce the memory size and increase pair-wise distance among samples, which increases the relevancy of each sample. Overall, our paper shows that map-based experience replay allows for significant memory reduction with only small performance decreases.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 May 2023.
Builds on
22 of 35 references.
References · 22
- 2015Continuous control with deep reinforcement learningcited by 3,407
- 2018Addressing Function Approximation Error in Actor-Critic Methodscited by 2,417
- 2019Mastering Atari, Go, Chess and Shogi by Planning with a Learned Modelcited by 1,353
- 2015Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 1,099
- 2018Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 1,095
- 2015End-to-End Training of Deep Visuomotor Policiescited by 875
- 2018Learning to Learn without Forgetting by Maximizing Transfer and Minimizing Interferencecited by 521
- 2022Temporal Difference Learning for Model Predictive Controlcited by 397
- 2018Tune: A Research Platform for Distributed Model Selection and Trainingcited by 395
- 2016Target-driven Visual Navigation in Indoor Scenes using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 366
- 2018Selective Experience Replay for Lifelong Learningcited by 241
- 2018Learning to Walk via Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 158
10 more
- 2018Remember and Forget for Experience Replaycited by 43
- 2023Superhuman Artificial Intelligence Can Improve Human Decision Making by Increasing Noveltycited by 27
- 2022Model-Free Generative Replay for Lifelong Reinforcement Learning: Application to Starcraft-2cited by 11
- 2018Deep Intrinsically Motivated Continuous Actor-Critic for Efficient Robotic Visuomotor Skill Learningcited by 5
- 2021Behavior Self-Organization Supports Task Inference for Continual Robot Learningcited by 4
- 2019Efficient Intrinsically Motivated Robotic Grasping with Learning-Adaptive Imagination in Latent Spacecited by 3
- 2021Stratified Experience Replay: Correcting Multiplicity Bias in Off-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2022Impact Makes a Sound and Sound Makes an Impact: Sound Guides Representations and Explorationscited by 3
- 2020Bootstrapping a DQN Replay Memory with Synthetic Experiencescited by 2
- 2022Learning to Autonomously Reach Objects with NICO and Grow-When-Required Networkscited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 3.
6 papers.
- 2025A Coreset Selection of Coreset Selection Literature: Introduction and Recent Advancescited by 28
- 2024Towards Incremental Learning in Large Language Models: A Critical Reviewcited by 6
- 2024Class Incremental Learning with Task-Specific Batch Normalization and Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 2
- 2025Reinforcement Learning Increases Wind Farm Power Production by Enabling Closed-Loop Collaborative Controlcited by 2
- 2024Natural Mitigation of Catastrophic Interference: Continual Learning in Power-Law Learning Environmentscited by 1
- 2025An Adaptive Resonance Theory-based Topological Clustering Algorithm with a Self-Adjusting Vigilance Parametercited by 1
- 2025An Adaptive Resonance Theory-based Topological Clustering Algorithm with a Self-Adjusting Vigilance Parameter22 Nov 2025
- 2025Reinforcement Learning Increases Wind Farm Power Production by Enabling Closed-Loop Collaborative Control25 Jun 2025
- 2025A Coreset Selection of Coreset Selection Literature: Introduction and Recent Advances23 May 2025
- 2024Class Incremental Learning with Task-Specific Batch Normalization and Out-of-Distribution Detection1 Nov 2024
- 2024Towards Incremental Learning in Large Language Models: A Critical Review28 Apr 2024
- 2024Natural Mitigation of Catastrophic Interference: Continual Learning in Power-Law Learning Environments18 Jan 2024