mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Medical imaging and segmentation

1,329 papers5 this weekMedium confidence in this grouping: mostly one topic, with blurry edgesMedium confidence in this grouping: mostly one topic, with blurry edges · About

Keywords: diffusion, segmentation, medical, images, image

Key facts. Medical imaging and segmentation: 1,329 papers on arXiv since 2020 (data through 7 Oct 2026). 137 of its 1,329 mapped papers (10%) cite “Brain Imaging Generation with Latent Diffusion Models” (2022, arXiv 2209.07162). 124 of its 1,329 mapped papers (9%) cite “Diffusion Models for Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Survey” (2022, arXiv 2211.07804). 16 new papers 17 Sep–7 Oct.

What’s new

17 Sep – 7 Oct 2026

16 new papers, 17 Sep – 7 Oct; 5 this week.

  1. This week · 5
  2. Diagnosing Diversity Collapse and Validating Mask-Conditioned Diffusion for Labeled Microtubule Microscopy
  3. One Frame, Full Heartbeat: ECG-Free Cardiac Cine MRI Synthesis via Phase-Conditioned Flow Matching
  4. Unified Multi-plane Autoregressive Diffusion for 3D Multi-contrast MRI Synthesis
  5. One Frame, Full Heartbeat: ECG-Free 4D Cardiac Cine MRI Synthesis via Radial-Decomposed Flow Matching
  6. Anatomy-preserving unpaired cone-beam CT refinement for image-guided radiotherapy using pseudo-label guided diffusion
  7. Earlier · 11
  8. Uncertainty as a Proxy for Semantic Correctness in Diffusion-Based Medical Image Synthesis
  9. Where to Look Is Not How to Fix: Pre-Denoising Diagnostics and Modality-Dependent Control in Diffusion Composition also fits: Image generation, text-to-image and editing
  10. Structural-Functional Brain Connectivity Generation via Multimodal Hypergraph-based Flow Matching
  11. Is your uncertainty map wrong, or is its target? Exact diagnostics for the Tweedie diagonal, and a gradient-free alternative
  12. Quantum Diffusion Models for Medical Image Analysis
All 16
  1. Atlases Are Already Inside: Recovering Population Templates from Pretrained Diffusion Models
  2. Field-of-View Extension in Dental Cone-Beam CT via Implicit Neural Representations and Diffusion Model-Based Refinement
  3. Uncertainty-Aware 3D Residual Wavelet Diffusion for Ultra Low-Field MRI Super-Resolution
  4. What Makes a Good Medical Image Tokenizer? Rethinking Reconstruction and Generation in Medical Image Tokenization
  5. Unsupervised Brain Anomaly Detection as a Bayesian Inverse Problem with Diffusion Prior
  6. Forecasting Intrathecal Tracer Enhancement from Pre-Contrast Brain MRI: Direct Regression versus Flow Matching

Foundations

Most cited by papers here

  1. Brain Imaging Generation with Latent Diffusion Models2022cited by 137 here
  2. Diffusion Models for Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Survey2022cited by 124 here
  3. Score-based diffusion models for accelerated MRI2021cited by 115 here
  4. Solving Inverse Problems in Medical Imaging with Score-Based Generative Models2021cited by 104 here
  5. Label-Efficient Semantic Segmentation with Diffusion Models2021cited by 90 here

Lineage

The papers this direction builds on, oldest first.

Each paper on the line cites the one before.

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 966 here
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 396 here
  3. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 275 here
  4. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 453 here
  5. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 604 here
  6. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 101 here
  7. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 122 here
  8. 2022Brain Imaging Generation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 137 here
  9. 2022Diffusion Models for Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 124 here
15 more it builds on, not in this chain
  1. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 320 here
  2. 2021Score-based diffusion models for accelerated MRIcited by 115 here
  3. 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 91 here
  4. 2021Solving Inverse Problems in Medical Imaging with Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 104 here
  5. 2021Label-Efficient Semantic Segmentation with Diffusion Modelscited by 90 here
  6. 2021Diffusion Models for Implicit Image Segmentation Ensemblescited by 86 here
  7. 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 75 here
  8. 2022Diffusion Models for Medical Anomaly Detectioncited by 82 here
  9. 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 98 here
  10. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 154 here
  11. 2022Diffusion Posterior Sampling for General Noisy Inverse Problemscited by 104 here
  12. 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 89 here
  13. 2022MedSegDiff: Medical Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Modelcited by 83 here
  14. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 100 here
  15. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 170 here

The 24 most cited of 1,911.

Browse

30 of 1,329, ranked 6–35

  1. 6Diffusion Models for Implicit Image Segmentation Ensembles202186
  2. 7MedSegDiff: Medical Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Model202283
  3. 8Diffusion Models for Medical Anomaly Detection202282
  4. 9SegDiff: Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Models202172
  5. 10Unsupervised Medical Image Translation with Adversarial Diffusion Models202271
  6. 11Diffusion Probabilistic Models beat GANs on Medical Images202254
  7. 12Adaptive Diffusion Priors for Accelerated MRI Reconstruction202252
  8. 13Solving 3D Inverse Problems using Pre-trained 2D Diffusion Models202252
  9. 14MedSegDiff-V2: Diffusion based Medical Image Segmentation with Transformer202348
  10. 15A Morphology Focused Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Synthesis of Histopathology Images202242
All 30
  1. 16PET image denoising based on denoising diffusion probabilistic models202239
  2. 17MAISI: Medical AI for Synthetic Imaging202438
  3. 18Open-Vocabulary Panoptic Segmentation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models202338
  4. 19CoLa-Diff: Conditional Latent Diffusion Model for Multi-Modal MRI Synthesis202336
  5. 20DiffuMask: Synthesizing Images with Pixel-level Annotations for Semantic Segmentation Using Diffusion Models202334
  6. 21Adaptive Latent Diffusion Model for 3D Medical Image to Image Translation: Multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study202334
  7. 22Towards performant and reliable undersampled MR reconstruction via diffusion model sampling202234
  8. 23Fast Unsupervised Brain Anomaly Detection and Segmentation with Diffusion Models202234
  9. 24Anatomically-Controllable Medical Image Generation with Segmentation-Guided Diffusion Models202433
  10. 25Conditional Diffusion Models for Semantic 3D Brain MRI Synthesis202333
  11. 26Measurement-conditioned Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Under-sampled Medical Image Reconstruction202232
  12. 27Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation using Diffusion Models202331
  13. 28WDM: 3D Wavelet Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Medical Image Synthesis202429
  14. 29Denoising diffusion models for out-of-distribution detection202229
  15. 30Medical Diffusion: Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models for 3D Medical Image Generation202228
  16. 31SADM: Sequence-Aware Diffusion Model for Longitudinal Medical Image Generation202228
  17. 32Make-A-Volume: Leveraging Latent Diffusion Models for Cross-Modality 3D Brain MRI Synthesis202327
  18. 33Improving 3D Imaging with Pre-Trained Perpendicular 2D Diffusion Models202326
  19. 34PathLDM: Text conditioned Latent Diffusion Model for Histopathology202325
  20. 35Diffuse, Attend, and Segment: Unsupervised Zero-Shot Segmentation using Stable Diffusion202324