mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MCROOD: Multi-Class Radar Out-Of-Distribution Detection

arXiv 2303.06232 ↗First posted 10 Mar 2023cs.CV cs.LG eess.SPcited by 9

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently received special attention due to its critical role in safely deploying modern deep learning (DL) architectures. This work proposes a reconstruction-based multi-class OOD detector that operates on radar range doppler images (RDIs). The detector aims to classify any moving object other than a person sitting, standing, or walking as OOD. We also provide a simple yet effective pre-processing technique to detect minor human body movements like breathing. The simple idea is called respiration detector (RESPD) and eases the OOD detection, especially for human sitting and standing classes. On our dataset collected by 60GHz short-range FMCW Radar, we achieve AUROCs of 97.45%, 92.13%, and 96.58% for sitting, standing, and walking classes, respectively. We perform extensive experiments and show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) OOD detection methods. Also, our pipeline performs 24 times faster than the second-best method and is very suitable for real-time processing.

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2023.

Builds on

21 of 29 references.

References · 21

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2016A Baseline for Detecting Misclassified and Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networkscited by 2,362
  3. 2018A Simple Unified Framework for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Samples and Adversarial Attackscited by 1,472
  4. 2017Enhancing The Reliability of Out-of-distribution Image Detection in Neural Networkscited by 1,325
  5. 2020Energy-based Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 1,296
  6. 2018Deep Anomaly Detection with Outlier Exposurecited by 939
  7. 2022Out-of-Distribution Detection with Deep Nearest Neighborscited by 596
  8. 2021ReAct: Out-of-distribution Detection With Rectified Activationscited by 486
  9. 2020Generalized ODIN: Detecting Out-of-distribution Image without Learning from Out-of-distribution Datacited by 408
  10. 2022ViM: Out-Of-Distribution with Virtual-logit Matchingcited by 404
  11. 2021On the Importance of Gradients for Detecting Distributional Shifts in the Wildcited by 338
  12. 2022VOS: Learning What You Don't Know by Virtual Outlier Synthesiscited by 300
9 more
  1. 2021MOS: Towards Scaling Out-of-distribution Detection for Large Semantic Spacecited by 233
  2. 2021A Simple Fix to Mahalanobis Distance for Improving Near-OOD Detectioncited by 206
  3. 2021DICE: Leveraging Sparsification for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 166
  4. 2019Unsupervised Out-of-Distribution Detection by Maximum Classifier Discrepancycited by 112
  5. 2021Semantically Coherent Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 107
  6. 2018Improving Reconstruction Autoencoder Out-of-distribution Detection with Mahalanobis Distancecited by 74
  7. 2020Feature Space Singularity for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 49
  8. 2021Label-Aware Ranked Loss for robust People Counting using Automotive in-cabin Radarcited by 7
  9. 2022Near out-of-distribution detection for low-resolution radar micro-Doppler signaturescited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.

9 papers.

  1. 2023HOOD: Real-Time Human Presence and Out-of-Distribution Detection Using FMCW Radarcited by 4
  2. 2023HAROOD: Human Activity Classification and Out-of-Distribution Detection with Short-Range FMCW Radarcited by 4
  3. 2025Out-of-Distribution Radar Detection in Compound Clutter and Thermal Noise through Variational Autoencoderscited by 3
  4. 2024FOOD: Facial Authentication and Out-of-Distribution Detection with Short-Range FMCW Radarcited by 2
  5. 2023Class Relevance Learning For Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 0
  6. 2024FERT: Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition with Short-Range FMCW Radarcited by 0
  7. 2025FARE: A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Radar-based Face Recognition and Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 0
  8. 2026Out-of-Distribution Radar Detection with Complex VAEs: Theory, Whitening, and ANMF Fusioncited by 0
  9. 2026Training-Free Out-of-Distribution Detection for Pathology Whole-Slide Imagescited by 0