mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

HAROOD: Human Activity Classification and Out-of-Distribution Detection with Short-Range FMCW Radar

arXiv 2312.08894 ↗First posted 14 Dec 2023cs.CV cs.LG eess.SPcited by 4

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Abstract (arXiv)

We propose HAROOD as a short-range FMCW radar-based human activity classifier and out-of-distribution (OOD) detector. It aims to classify human sitting, standing, and walking activities and to detect any other moving or stationary object as OOD. We introduce a two-stage network. The first stage is trained with a novel loss function that includes intermediate reconstruction loss, intermediate contrastive loss, and triplet loss. The second stage uses the first stage's output as its input and is trained with cross-entropy loss. It creates a simple classifier that performs the activity classification. On our dataset collected by 60 GHz short-range FMCW radar, we achieve an average classification accuracy of 96.51%. Also, we achieve an average AUROC of 95.04% as an OOD detector. Additionally, our extensive evaluations demonstrate the superiority of HAROOD over the state-of-the-art OOD detection methods in terms of standard OOD detection metrics.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Dec 2023.

Builds on

18 of 34 references.

References · 18

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2016Simple and Scalable Predictive Uncertainty Estimation using Deep Ensemblescited by 3,926
  3. 2016A Baseline for Detecting Misclassified and Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networkscited by 2,385
  4. 2018A Simple Unified Framework for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Samples and Adversarial Attackscited by 1,485
  5. 2017Enhancing The Reliability of Out-of-distribution Image Detection in Neural Networkscited by 1,328
  6. 2020Energy-based Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 1,299
  7. 2018Deep Anomaly Detection with Outlier Exposurecited by 942
  8. 2022Out-of-Distribution Detection with Deep Nearest Neighborscited by 600
  9. 2021ReAct: Out-of-distribution Detection With Rectified Activationscited by 486
  10. 2019Scaling Out-of-Distribution Detection for Real-World Settingscited by 465
  11. 2020Generalized ODIN: Detecting Out-of-distribution Image without Learning from Out-of-distribution Datacited by 408
  12. 2022ViM: Out-Of-Distribution with Virtual-logit Matchingcited by 405
6 more
  1. 2021On the Importance of Gradients for Detecting Distributional Shifts in the Wildcited by 339
  2. 2021Semantically Coherent Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 107
  3. 2020Feature Space Singularity for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 49
  4. 2023MCROOD: Multi-Class Radar Out-Of-Distribution Detectioncited by 9
  5. 2023Reconstruction-based Out-of-Distribution Detection for Short-Range FMCW Radarcited by 6
  6. 2023HOOD: Real-Time Human Presence and Out-of-Distribution Detection Using FMCW Radarcited by 4

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2.

4 papers.

  1. 2025Adaptive Multi-prompt Contrastive Network for Few-shot Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 8
  2. 2024FOOD: Facial Authentication and Out-of-Distribution Detection with Short-Range FMCW Radarcited by 2
  3. 2024FERT: Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition with Short-Range FMCW Radarcited by 0
  4. 2025FARE: A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Radar-based Face Recognition and Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 0